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In connection with recent work of predicting hurricane storm tides in New York Bay, it became desirable to adopt the most suitable value of surface wind stress over water at high wind velocities that current knowledge will sustain. To this end a review of available literature of field and laboratory experiments on the subject was undertaken and the collated results are presented. To some extent it has been found possible to resolve some of the wide disparities that have existed up to now between field and laboratory results by the quite simple expedient of adapting the laboratory data for wind speeds at 10‐cm height (usually) to prototype conditions of wind speeds at 10‐m height through use of the Karman‐Prandtl equation for verticle velocity distribution. Some 47 authorities are quoted in arriving at Cd values of 0.0024±.0005 for strong winds and 0.0015±.0008 for light winds, in a wind stress relationship of the form τ0=CdρaU2 in which ρa is the mass density of the air and U the wind velocity at 10‐m height. Although there is fairly satisfactory unanimity now regarding the Cd value for high winds, the situation is far less satisfactory for the case of light winds.

This report attempts to answer basic question» regarding the feasibility of reproducing in an engineering model the surge phenomenon that at various times occurs in Monterey Harbor, California. To this end, a fairly extensive discussion is devoted to the wind and wave climate prevailing in and near Monterey Bay. Sea and swell data are summarized for the deep-water vicinity-area and for Monterey Bay itself, with particular reference to the southern portion, for the coast of which the distribution of refraction coefficient values is given for ordinary waves. Monterey Harbor tends to be quite well protected from the longer-period swells. Statistical data for the occurrence of long-period waves at three sensor positions in Monterey Harbor are examined and compared with similar-type data for Santa Cruz Harbor, at the northern extremity of Monterey Bay, and for Half Moon Bay Harbor (some 60 miles north of Monterey). Seasonal peculiarities are in evidence. Energy spectra for the long wave data are compared with earlier studies, of the Corps of Engineers (1949) and with the results of Residuation analyses made in this report. The oscillating characteristics of Monterey Bay are examined from several points of view. First, known analytic modes of oscillation of the water body in various semi-enclosed basins of simple geometrical shape are discussed. Application is made to Monterey Bay by likening it to the quadrant of a circular basin of either uniform depth or paraboloidal bottom slope. For greater exactitude numerical methods of calculating the oscillating properties of the bay are pursued. These start from the premise that a nodal condition tends to prevail across the mouth of the bay between Pinos and Santa Cruz Points. An improved Defant-Raichlcn numerical ''talweg" procedure gives the expected two-dimensional (vertical plane) modes of oscillation, while an improved Stoker numerical procedure yields the expected thrce-dimens : onal modes of oscillation of the bay. The computer programs for performing these calculations have been checked by applying them to special cases for which the analytic solutions are known. The three-dimensional modes for the bay reveal that the deep Monterey 1 canyon has a profound effect on the oscillating regime. The submerged , canyon causes the bay to function virtually as two independent halves about | the canyon centerline with only weak coupling between the two sections. 1 The three-dimensional numerical analysis, however, is considered to be reliable only for the lowest modes of oscillation because of the considerable uncertainty that the node-condition at the bay-mouth can be sustained for higher modes of oscillation of the bay. Because of this deficiency, the two-dimensional numerical procedure was applied to the Monterey bight (east of the Monterey Peninsula), and the modes of oscillation found for this smaller bay are expected to be more representative of the area enveloping the harbor. A detailed study is made of the manner of propagation of long period waves into Monterey Bay. Wav...