The current research investigates different aspects of performance appraisal system, & how performance appraisal system can play its role in improving the performance of teachers in higher education institutions of Pakistan. In the present study multi-methods approach was used which consist of survey questionnaire and in depth interviews. Survey questionnaire was used in order to investigate various aspects of current performance appraisal system and in depth interview to study the perception of teachers on performance appraisal approach. The focus of the study was on the employees of Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, Pakistan. The researchers undertook the public sector University of Pakistan, as a case study in the present study. Results show that although employees of BZU are aware of the useful outcomes of performance appraisal but there are some hindering factors e.g. untrained raters, exclusion of multiple raters, absence of feedback in the way of successful implementation of performance appraisal system. Present study also suggests the solutions with their implications regarding said factors.
The paramount aim of the underlying study is to explore the efficacy of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) through evaluating the effectiveness of the key initiatives which have been taken by the HEC to flourish the higher education and research environment in Pakistan. Using exploratory analysis, the study unleashes that the higher education and research culture has improved since 2002 owing to the HEC’s effective initiatives. These include, but are not limited to, increasing the capacity of in-service teaching faculty, induction of PhD faculty in public and private sector universities, award of indigenous and foreign scholarships, and provision of research grants, all of which had a positive influence on higher education through capacity building. A commendable increase in the number of universities along with the induction of highly qualified faculty has been witnessed, specifically the induction of indigenously produced PhDs. Apart from these, the HEC has played an instrumental role in helping to improve the gender parity by 45% in education sector. Moreover, in order to trace out what problems the HEC has been facing to implement its reforms, we conducted KIIs to the HEC officials who have been remained the part of policy implementation. The KIIs discloses that the deteriorating budgetary allocation, less cooperation from public sector universities, and questioning the HEC’s autonomy are the major challenges among others to the HEC in promoting an effective and inclusive higher education in Pakistan. The KIIs suggest that the autonomy of the HEC should not be compromised, and the liaison between universities and the HEC should be increased.
This study estimates the effect of state ownership and other firmspecific variables on the capital structure of Chinese listed industries operating in different sectors. State ownership and leverage are both negatively and positively associated. The negative association of state ownership with leverage was found in construction, metals and metal products, services and transport sectors, while positive association was found in chemical, rubber, plastic & non-metallic products and machinery & other equipment. Size and profitability are the other most prominent factors affecting capital structure of the firms across different sectors in China. Hence, this study shows that in addition to other firm specific variables, ownership structure also determines capital structure of Chinese firms.
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