Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are considered as evolving technology due to the diversity and feasibility of their applications. Generally, UAS are controlled by a ground operator in a ground control station (GCS). GCS can be used for several remote applications for unmanned vehicles; however, for the purpose of this review, GCS applications would be limited to its application on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Such stations are made up of basic components consisting of commercial-off-the-shelf components and low-cost equipment depending on the sophistication of the UAV. This requires that as UAVs evolve, GCS are equally upgraded to meet with the technological feet. This paper discusses the challenges associated with GCS in ensuring safe operations of the UAV. Hence, a brief background of GCS, its architecture, applications, inherent challenges and the proposed solutions are presented.
This paper examines the effect of performance management on employee engagement in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). A survey research design was employed with a population of 6621 staff of NNPC as of April 2020. Both primary and secondary data were used; questionnaire copies were shared among samples of 377 respondents from NNPC and other subsidiaries and divisions. Data analysis was conducted using mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient was used to test hypothesis with the help of SPSS version 20, which addresses the extent of the relationship between the variables under consideration. This study pointed out various proxies of performance management systems notably, objective setting, amendment of objectives, feedback result, reward system, and measurement of performance. The findings showed that performance management has a statistically significant impact on employee engagement. Therefore, the study concludes that objective setting, amendment of objective, on employee engagement in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The researcher recommended that the organization should set clear and realistic objectives as well as provide the tools and resources needed to realize such objectives; there should be more straightforwardness about the amendment of objectives in the organization. The organization should give a just and fair reward system and link such to the results of the performance evaluation; management of the organization should as a matter of necessity review employees’ work; and finally, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) should measure staff performance both quarterly and annually in order to improve employee engagement.
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