Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in induction of malignant human growths. Recently, certain heavy metals showed a close association to breast cancer. This research was conducted to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. The study was carried out on 100 female patients: 75 with breast cancer (cancerous group) and 25 with benign breast diseases (non-cancerous group). Patients were chosen from those attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University. Heavy metals concentrations were measured in the urine and breast tissue samples using inductive coupled plasma (ICP)-spectrometer. The present results showed a significant increase in urine and tissue cadmium concentrations and urine copper concentration in cancerous patients compared to their corresponding non-cancerous ones (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant reduction in iron concentration in urine samples of cancerous group compared to their corresponding non-cancerous one (p < 0.05). On the other hand, lead had no significant difference between cancerous and non cancerous groups but it was generally high in the tissue samples while zinc had no significant difference between studied groups. It could be concluded that the present study posits a causal association between cadmium and copper increase with reduction of iron and breast cancer. were more prevalent in women. The present study is designed to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. Materials and Methods This study was carried out on 100 female patients attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from December 2008 till December 2009. Their ages ranged from 30-70 years. Relevant information was obtained from each patient before surgery regarding residence, occupational history, smoking habits and reproductive history. Patients with positive family history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Study groups Patients were divided into two groups. A cancerous group (75 female patients) with histologically confirmed breast cancer lesions. A non-cancerous group (25 female patients) with non risky non proliferative benign breast diseases that served as a control group. Study design According to Ionescu [11], 10 ml urine sample and 10 gm of breast adipose tissue were obtained from each patient. Samples were Jour n a l o f C linical T o x ic o log y
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit (RC-IC) is not well quantified at the population level. Given the large extirpative nature of the surgery combined with stoma creation, this is a life-changing event for patients. We evaluated post-RC-IC HRQOL in patients with bladder cancer (BC) compared with non-cancer controls and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing proctocolectomy with colostomy using SEER-Medical Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) data.METHODS: SEER-MHOS data (1998-2013) was used to identify patients with BC and CRC diagnoses and survey data available post diagnoses. 196 BC patients undergoing RC-IC were propensity score matched 1:5 to non-cancer controls (N¼980) and compared with 154 CRC patients undergoing proctocolectomy with colostomy. Differences in mental and physical composite scores (MCS and PCS, respectively) were compared between groups. MCS and PCS scores are normalized on a 0-100 scale where 50 represents US population mean.RESULTS: RC-IC patients, compared with matched controls, had significantly lower PCS (35.9 vs. 40.2, p<0.001), physical functioning (52.6 vs. 62.4, p<0.001), role physical (41.2 vs. 54.0, p<0.001), social functioning (69.7 vs. 76.3, p¼0.006), vitality (51.1 vs. 56.3, p¼0.005), and general health (51.8 vs. 62.0, p<0.001). MCS and mental health subscale scores did not differ between groups. Comparing RC-IC patients with CRC patients, female gender (26 vs. 38%, p¼0.01) and inflammatory bowel disease (6% vs. 14%, p¼0.005) were more common in CRC patients. MCS, PCS, and HRQOL subscales did not differ between RC-IC and CRC patients. Among a subset of RC-IC patients with both pre and post-surgical data (N¼46), PCS (p¼0.002), physical functioning (p¼0.04), social functioning (p¼0.02), and general health (p<0.001) declined significantly.CONCLUSIONS: RC-IC patients have worsened HRQOL than non-cancer controls. However, HRQOL of RC-IC patients was similar to that of CRC patients undergoing proctocolectomy with colostomy. Further longitudinal study is needed to better quantify HRQOL in RC-IC.
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