Optical studies have been carried out on two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystal (LC) compounds 4′-butylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanatobiphenyl and 4′-pentylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocynatobiphenyl. Transition temperatures of the two samples were confirmed using a polarizing microscope. The two LC compounds were found to exhibit fairly high clearing temperatures. Measurements of refractive indices of the two compounds were done by using thin prism method with He-Ne laser beam of wavelength 630 nm. Birefringence of the two LC compounds was calculated from the measured refractive indices. Both the compounds are found to display fairly high values of birefringence. Validation of a modified four-parameter model, based on Vuks equation describing the temperature dependence of refractive indices of the two liquid crystals, is also presented in this paper. The model is validated by fitting the experimentally measured values of refractive indices, birefringence and average refractive indices of the two nematic LCs with the theoretical values. In this paper, the calculation of order parameters of the LCs is presented by using two methods: direct extrapolation method based solely on the birefringence data and by using modified Vuks method based on Haller’s extrapolation. As observed from the obtained results, this procedure of calculating order parameter gives very reasonable results.
The dielectric constant (K), loss (tan 5), and hence conductivity (~), of SrTiO 3 single crystals have been measured in the frequency region 102-107 Hz and in the temperature range 300-350 °C. Quenching, subjecting the crystals to high electric fields (a.c. or d.c.) and X-ray or 7-ray irradiation, or a combination of these treatments, is found to bring about interesting changes in these properties. An attempt is made to understand the results.
The variation of refractive indices with temperature of three pure nematogenic compounds 5OCB, CPHB and 6CHBT were studied experimentally using thin prism technique. The refractive indices no and ne were measured using 633 nm lines from a HeNe laser. A modied four-parameter model was taken which is based on the Vuks equation describing the eect of temperature on the refractive indices of liquid crystals. In this paper we report the variation of refractive indices of these three liquid crystals with temperature, using the thin prism method. The variation in birefringence was determined experimentally. The variation in refractive indices and birefringence were also tted theoretically using the modied Vuks equation. On comparison, the theoretically tted values show close agreement with the experimental values.
Two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystalline compounds, 4 0 -butylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanatobiphenyl and 4 0 -pentylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocynatobiphenyl are studied in detail to obtain their different physical parameters. Optical polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, density and dielectric studies have been carried out for the two samples. Both the samples were found to have high clearing temperature ([100°C) and exhibit small enthalpy of transition. The two samples exhibit high optical birefringence (Dn [ 0.2). The values of order parameters for the two samples were obtained using different approaches, namely, Vuks', Neugebauer's, modified Vuks' and direct extrapolation method from birefringence data. Experimentally obtained values of order parameters have also been compared with theoretical Maier-Saupe values. The parallel and perpendicular components of dielectric permittivity values of the two compounds were also calculated and their anisotropy values were found to be small. The effect of temperature on the molecular dipole moment l and the angle of inclination b of the dipole axis with the director have also been investigated in this work.
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