With the growth of population, the demand of milk is increasing at very fast rate. Due to this increasing demand, adulteration of milk by various substances has been very common in throughout the world, which not only reduces the nutritional value but also causes various diseases to human being. The common adulterants used in adulteration are detergents, ammonium sulphate [(NH4)SO4], sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium-bi-carbonate (NaHCO3) and salt (NaCl), fat. The aim of this paper is to trace / detect the above six adulterants in the milk. A capacitor sensor is used, which is sensitive to an electrical property of the measuring medium and gives different dielectric loss angle of the milk sample under measurement, when sensor is immersed in different adulterated/unadulterated milk. The tangent of dielectric loss angle (tan Delta) is measured by Schering Bridge. By this sensor measurement system, adulterants detection in milk with different % (from 5% to 20%) is studied. Packet milk and raw-milk (collected from the dairy farm) are utilized in the experiment. Experimental results of various adulteration levels are plotted for results verification and for checking consistency of data.
Characterizing the biophysical features at a watershed level is a significant input for analyzing natural resources, for solving potential water resource management problems, for integrated water utilization assessment, for water allocation policy and management. The objective of this study was to assess the biophysical characteristics of Weyb watershed, which is recognized as a potential agricultural zone in southeastern part of Ethiopia, was considered as a case study. Relevant data were used and; ArcGIS, Microsoft Excel sheet and fundamental formulae were applied for the analysis. Accordingly, six current biophysical characteristics of Weyb watershed i.e., watershed area, land use land cover and soils, geomorphology, climate, agricultural practice and population have been analyzed and discussed briefly. The mean annual precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and mean temperature of the watershed are 1015 mm, 970.1 mm and 14 0C respectively. The study results show that the watershed is highly suitable for widespread agricultural production.
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