Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, which is associated with stage, performance status, and kidney functions, can be used in daily practice as a predictor for survival in multiple myeloma. Simply adding NLR to the routine charts may enrich our data for larger studies.
The differences found between albuminuria and OPG or fetuin-A may be due to the different doses and variety of medications the patients received, in addition to genetic and racial factors. So far, in our country, polymorphisms related to OPG and fetuin-A have not been defined. Further detailed studies about polymorphisms will have additional value.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of the geriatric population with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years but most clinicians consider performance status and comorbidities rather than chronological age in determining prognosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess whether and which comorbidity indices predict survival in a real life population of MM. We calculated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), age combined Charlson index (CCI-age), Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-SCI) and Freiburger comorbidity index (FCI) retrospectively for 66 MM patients and compared their impact on treatment responses and overall survival (OS). Treatment response was significantly worse in groups with high CCI, CCI-age, HCT-SCI scales ( < 0.05), but FCI's effect on treatment response was not significant. However, while no significant relationship was determined between other comorbidity indices with OS, it was related only with FCI-CI ( = 0.006). FCI, developed in this patient group, was the only prognostic index with a significant effect on OS in the evaluation of comorbidities in MM patients with different scores, but its relationship to treatment responses was not significant contrary to other indices. While this small patient group gave us hope regarding the use of FCI in practice, multi-center studies are still required.
Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli renamed after detection of production ability of cytotoxin which kills Vero cells, a continuous cell line derived from the kidney of the African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp). These toxins are proved to cause severe diseases in humans. As an emerging food borne pathogen group, VTEC infection may lead to life threatening haemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS). The occurrence of HUS is between 3-20% of sporadic and epidemic cases. The pathogens are found in different food matrices and may sometimes hide in plants. VTEC is an emerging topic for food microbiology. Many authors contribute this area with new studies. This review aims to summarize the VTEC.
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