The right of withdrawal allows authors to unilaterally withdraw a copyright contract and retract copyrighted work to disassociate based on moral reasons. Although accepted in some European jurisdictions, the right of withdrawal is mainly theoretical due to the scarcity of case law resulting from its strict requirements. Therefore, it has been perceived as a concept without practical use. However, this right is underpinned by a significant and still valid European idea reflected by the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, outlined in the data subject's right to be forgotten. While the right of withdrawal and the right to be forgotten have different characteristics and goals, these two rights share the same reasoning, emphasising that the same European spirit is still alive and very much needed.
ÖzetBorsa opsiyon sözle meleri, belirli finansal varl klar n al veya sat na ili kin olarak opsiyon al na opsiyon hakk tan nmas konu alan sözle melerdir. Sözle menin taraflar takas merkezi ve takas üyesidir. Borsada i lem yapmak isteyen yat mc lar takas üyeleri ile çerçeve ve bireysel sözle meler akdederler. Yat mc lar taraf ndan borsada i lem yapmak için yetkilendirilen takas üyeleri, yat mc lar n icaplar borsaya iletir. Borsada elektronik ortamda veya sesli pazarl k usulü ile e le en emirler sonucunda opsiyon sözle meleri kurulmu olmaktad r. Takas üyelerinin emirleri takas merkezi taraf ndan le tirilmektedir. Takas merkezi al kar nda sat , sat kar nda al r. Böylece gerçekte, takas merkezi ile opsiyon al ve takas merkezi ile opsiyon sat aras nda kurulan iki ayr opsiyon sözle mesi mevcuttur. Opsiyon sözle meleri al ya sözle meye konu olan varl klar alma veya satma konusunda bir seçim hakk tan r. Al bu hakk kulland nda sat buna uymakla yükümlüdür. Bu konuda sat n bir seçim hakk bulunmamaktad r. Al , seçim hakk kullanmamay da seçebilir. Opsiyon sözle mesinde sat n üstlenmi oldu u bu riskin kar ise opsiyon primi olu turmaktad r. Opsiyon al n seçim hakk kullanmay seçmesi durumunda al ile sat aras nda bir sat m sözle mesi kurulmaktad r. Bu sözle me opsiyon hakk n kullan lmas sonucu kendili inden kurulmu olur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Opsiyon sözle mesi, opsiyon hakk , takas üyesi, yenilik do uran hak, takas merkezi. Stock Market Option Contract AbstractStock market option contract is a form of contract signed between the option holder and the option writer concerning purchasing or selling some specific assets and granted the option holder an optional right (right to choose). The parties of this contract are the clearing member and the clearinghouse. Investors requesting to transact in stock market conclude several contracts with the clearing members. Clearing members are authorized to transact in stock market and send all offers of their investors to other clearing members (investors). Option contracts are formed as a result of matching these offers to acceptances by bargaining in electronic form or face to face. The offers of clearing members are matched by the clearinghouse. The clearinghouse operates business as the option holder against the writer and the option writer against the holder. Option contracts grant the holder a right to choose about purchasing or selling the assets in question. If the holder enjoys his right to choose, the writer is obliged to abide by his decision. The writer has no choice in this respect. The holder may choose not to enjoy his right to choose. In consideration of this risk undertaken by the writer, the holder should pay the option premium.
Purpose-This paper examines the overall IP solutions/options that are applicable in the Turkish food sector under the new Law on Industrial Property of Turkey which governs so-called industrial property rights, that is to say patents, trademarks, designs and geographical indications, and aims to serve the interests of all relevant stakeholders, ranging from individuals to all scaled companies which seek IP protection in for various reasons. Although it's not considered as one of the conventional IP issues, the relationship between foodstuff, and traditional knowledge (TK) is also discussed in this paper for the purpose of demonstrating the overall IP protection that can be offered under the Turkish law. Methodology-In this paper, the applicability of the new Law on Industrial Property, and the overall IP solution on the food sector are discussed. For this purpose, some important questions are addressed, and the new Law, the old Decree-Laws and some other jurisdictions are compared. The criteria of this comparison are the goals of the industrial property system, and the needs of the food sector. The study analyses these considerations with the help of some important examples demonstrating IP protection on the foodstuff. Findings-The findings show that the food industry can be protected by the copyright regime, the recipes can be patented, and the companies can be protected by the new Law concerning geographical signs, designs and trademarks. Conclusion-The paper claims that the existing IP system in Turkey, i.e. the conventional IP tools along with the TK protection, have important benefits for the companies operating in the Turkish food sector to use IP protection as business strategies.
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