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This paper treats new large scale measurements of pressure fields on a vertical wall under wave impacts. These measurements were done in collaboration with the Joint Industry Project Sloshel, aimed at sloshing in LNG tanks. Measurements are presented with a relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. The impacts are created by wave focussing at the wall. By changing the focal point with respect to the wall, the impact type was altered. The influence of the impact type on the pressures and forces on the wall at large scale is thus studied.

Abstract:Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japanese tsunami protection guidelines stipulate that coastal defences should ensure that settlements are shielded from the coastal inundation that would result from Level 1 tsunami events (with return periods in the order of about 100 years). However, the overtopping mechanism and leeward inundation heights of tsunami bores as they hit coastal structures has received little attention in the past. To ascertain this phenomenon, the authors conducted physical experiments using a dam-break mechanism, which could generate bores that overtopped different types of structures. The results indicate that it is necessary to move away from only considering the tsunami inundation height at the beach, and also consider the bore velocity as it approaches the onshore area. The authors also prepared a simple, conservative method of estimating the inundation height after a structure of a given height, provided that the incident bore velocity and height are known.

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