In low-income countries, the discharge of untreated fecal sludge directly into the environment is a common practice that poses a threat to both environmental and public health. Planted drying beds (PDBs) are a promising and low-cost option for treating fecal sludge. Therefore, in Africa, the use of PDBs for treating fecal sludge is increasingly valuable due to the technology's high efficiency, especially in tropical climates. This paper presents a literature review on the use of PDBs for treating fecal sludge in Africa, focusing on current research requirements and directions. This review shows that Echinochloa pyramidalis appears to be the most effective indigenous species used for this purpose, while also highlighting the lack of stability in the design and implementation models of PDBs. Standardizing and generalizing implementation methodologies for PDBs in Africa, researching new native and efficient species, and testing combinations of different species in the beds would all be beneficial.
Description du sujet. Déterminer les conditions optimales d’utilisation des effluents de brasserie en production de phytoplancton. Objectifs. Déterminer le potentiel nutritif, les conditions d’utilisation et la dépollution réalisée suite à l’utilisation d’effluents de brasserie en aquaculture. Méthode. Le surnageant a été analysé. Ensuite, cinq traitements ont été ensemencés de Scenedesmus quadricauda et suivis (biomasses et paramètres physico-chimiques) pendant 27 jours. Finalement, les taux d’abattements des charges polluantes initiales ont été déterminés. Résultats. Le surnageant n’est pas conforme à la norme béninoise, mais présente un potentiel nutritif élevé. La non-neutralisation du pH, initialement acide, occasionne un démarrage tardif de la croissance algale. Le traitement à 10 % présente la production maximale et d’importants abattements de charges polluantes. Conclusions. Dans un contexte où il n’y a pas de station d’épuration fonctionnelle, il serait intéressant d’envisager un partenariat gagnant-gagnant entre les brasseries et les pisciculteurs. Les conditions optimales d’utilisation incluent une dose optimale et une neutralisation préalable du pH.
The One of the Sustainable Development Goals aims to: "Ensure access for all to sustainably managed water supply and sanitation services". To meet this challenge, several countries such as Benin have decided to take action to solve sanitation problems. Thus, the general objective of this study is to characterize the sludge in the Oueme Delta in order to know its identity and propose an adequate treatment. The Oueme Delta has a population of about 4,346,336 inhabitants. Based on the methods used for quantification, it results that nearly 64.96% of the sludge produced is found in nature, only 8.63% in the station to undergo treatment and of the remaining 26.41% a part is drained manually or mechanically and ends up in nature and another part always remains in the pits and will never be emptied. In addition, the analysis of the sewage sludge taken from three municipalities of the Delta de l'Oueme reveals that this sludge has a slightly alkaline pH and is highly saline. They are fresh, rich in organic pollutants, nutrients and pathogens given the results of the temperature associated with pH. With an average COD of 37570.93 mgO2/L and an average BOD5 of 5500.66 mgO2/L, the sludge we analysed is poorly biodegradable. These results will be submitted to the stakeholders for assessment in order to reach consistent decisions for the sustainable management of this resource.
Due to costs of setting up and operating electrical stirring systems to keep algae in suspension and exposed to light, cultivation of monospecific algae is poorly expanded in developping countries. However, some algal species such as Arthrospira platensis, are equipped with gaseous vesicles that allow them to stay afloat and increase their exposure to light. In this study, we investigated in an unstirred outdoor environment, its growth kinetic and purifying performance in a brewery effluent-based media. Batch cultures were carried out in three experimental treatments and evolution of physicochemical and growth parameters were monitored. Then its contribution to depollution was determined. Results show that optimal conditions for producing A. platensis include the culture tank transparency, the effluent dilution (i.e. 10%), and the culture media amendment with sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate. The average productivity recorded reached 0.55 g DW·L−1·d−1 during the exponential growth phase, while preserving culture from contamination. COD and total Nitrogen concentrations were reduced for 32.5% and 64.91%. Such results open up prospects for low-cost production of certain algae, in transparent and relatively high barrels, thus breaking, the classic barriers related to shallow basin depth and mechanical agitation traditionally considered as critical to the success of algal production.
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