Purpose: The paper analyses the literature on research in unemployment, COVID-19 pandemic, and economic security. The paper focuses on the analysis, evaluation, and forecasting of unemployment rates in Poland and the USA regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic security. Design/Methodology/Approach: The preliminary research was carried out by analyzing the monthly exchange rates of the dollar, ruble, euro, and yen for the period 2004-2020. All preliminary studies in the form of analyses of exchange rate quotations and oil prices are presented in one linear chart to observe the trends governing them in dynamic terms. Then, the analysis and assessment of unemployment rates in Poland and the USA were carried out monthly in 2010-2020. Regularities could be seen in the mass phenomena being observed. The forecasting will be carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the world economies to slow down due to border closures, the suspension of international passenger transport, and restrictions on buying and selling in a global approach. The continuing restrictions related to the suspension of air traffic have resulted in a lack of demand for energy resources in diesel fuel. The phenomenon observed has caused world oil prices to fall to their lowest level in many years. The proclamation of the pandemic has also had an impact on strong increases and decreases in exchange rate quotations. This proclamation, in turn, has resulted in an increase in unemployment in many world economies. Practical Implications: This paper analyzes, evaluates, and forecasts unemployment rates in Poland and the USA for August and September 2020 during the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of economic security. Originality: The prices are analyzed before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Purpose: The study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Russia and European countries' economic security. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research began with a multifaceted analysis of oil prices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. It then examined oil demand and air passenger volumes in European countries to impact world oil prices. Findings: The article deals with issues related to oil prices, passenger air transport, multivariate analyzes, and economic security. Practical Implications: Categorized line and bar charts and indicators of dynamics on a fixed base were applied to analyze economic security better. This article focuses on European countries, while the core matter of oil prices is its demand and the number of passengers transported by air in European countries. Originality: The lack of analyzes in the literature related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and European countries' economic security.

The article presents a multidimensional comparative analysis of the exchange rates of five currencies: dollar, euro, franc, pound and ruble in zlotys and crude oil in dollars per barrel from 2005 to 2022. The research was conducted in terms of the identification of contemporary challenges for the economic security of enterprises in Poland. Grouping was used as part of multidimensional comparative analyzes. In the categorized line charts, in order to observe the trends in dynamic terms as a decrease and an increase in the rates of the analyzed data, a separate Y-axis scale was assigned to each of the analyzed dependent variables.

The study aims to carry out a multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of deaths in thirty-two European countries regarding COVID-19 in dynamic terms. The study's subject is thirty-two European countries, and the number of human deaths caused by COVID-19 will be the object of the study. Multidimensional comparative analyses were used for this purpose. The primary data were grouped and separated. Bar charts, line diagrams, and frame-nosed charts were used to detect emerging trends for interpretation. The study ends with a summary and conclusions. The study uses research methods in the form of a literature analysis, which deals with the multidimensional analysis and the disease called COVID-19. The following research tools were used: categorized frame-noses charts with arithmetic averages/means drawn, and line and bar charts. The study observes the lack of multidimensional comparative analyses of human deaths in European countries in dynamic terms, comparing them to the population of the entire countries concerned, the number of past deaths (2010-2019), and the deaths caused by COVID-19. The study attempts to analyse the deaths of people in regard to COVID-19 in thirty-two European countries.

Purpose:The ever-growing dynamics of life increases the demand for fast and safe means of transport. One of the most frequently chosen express means of transport is air transport. The aim of the study is to analyze the number of passengers transported by air in 153 countries in the world between 2010-2018 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on passenger air transport in the USA in terms of economic security. The subject of the research is 153 countries of the world, and the object of the study is the number of passengers transported by air between 2010-2020. Design/Methodology/Approach: One of the research methods used was literature analysis which concerns issues related to air transport, multidimensional analyzes and security. The research tools used for the study were: categorized line and bar charts and indices of dynamics with a constant base. The use of a multidimensional comparative analysis allowed for the evaluation of the number of passengers transported by passenger air in the continents under consideration, as well as in the USA before and during the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The world leader in terms of the number of passengers transported is the United States. In 2020, compared to 2019, in the USA, for the identical period from March 1 to October 17, a decrease in the number of passengers transported by 429 141 477 was observed. Thus, there was a decrease in passenger transport by 77,28 percentage points. Practical implications: The results obtained from the conducted research indicate a significant weakening of the passenger air transport sector in 2020 and the need for action aimed at its gradual reconstruction. Originality: The juxtaposition of many groups of dependent variables in identical time units allowed to observe (emphasize) the similarities and differences between the studied objects and indicated the trend phenomenon and its breakdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The rationale for undertaking the research was the lack of multifaceted, comparative analyzes of the population in European countries in terms of dynamics and multifaceted analyzes of births and deaths in individual European societies during the COVID-19 period literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study attempts to analyze the population in thirty-two European countries. For this purpose, multifaceted comparative analyzes were selected. The raw data were grouped and ungrouped. Bar and line charts, as well as indexes of dynamics on a fixed basis, were used. The study is completed with a summary and conclusions. Findings: The multifaceted comparative analysis of the European population used in this study shows the dynamics in terms of security. In 2011-2019, there was observed a growing trend in population growth in all thirty-two European countries. In eleven of the considered thirty-two European countries, there was a negative difference between birth and death. In the remaining 21 countries, the result was positive. The conducted analyzes show that the number of people is a factor influencing states' state of security. Practical Implications: The performed research was supplemented with an analysis of the impact of the above-mentioned factors on the state of regional security. Originality: The research subject is thirty-two European countries, and the core matter of it is the number of people in Europe and the number of deaths and births in dynamic terms.

Forecasting of monetary policy tools, including reserve money of the Central Bank of Poland, in order to optimise economic decisions made by business entities operating on this market, becomes a basic canon of knowledge, in order to minimise a risk of undertaken economic operations -is currently the area of our investigation. The article raises a problem of forecasting the reserve money of the Central Bank of Poland on the basis of initial information received from the National Bank of Poland. The studies started with analysis and evaluation of time series of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland. Then the analysed series were divided into two parts. Based on obtained results, the researchers performed forecasting of the first part of separated time series of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland with the use of different methods. The above mentioned time series consists of 132 elements. Later on, the researches chose the best forecasting method and that was the basis for initial time series forecasting of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland in mil PLN in retrospective terms during 2010-2021 for the next 2021-2022 years.

This study aims to analyze primary data regarding foreign exchange rates of the following currencies: ruble, euro, dollar, and yuan (renminbi) as well as petroleum and gas prices from a dynamic perspective as it pertains to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the economic situation in Russia. The authors have analyzed the literature concerning foreign exchange rates, petroleum prices, gas prices, and the coronavirus pandemic. It analyzed the available literature on the subject. The study began comparing foreign exchange rates of the Russian ruble, euro, American dollar, and Chinese yuan (renminbi-Chinese currency) for each day in 2020. The following research techniques have been used: line graphs, bar graphs, grouping. The article analyzes the foreign exchange rate of the aforementioned currencies and petroleum and gas prices from a dynamic perspective. Multi-dimensional analysis of petroleum and gas prices was conducted in dynamic terms.