The purpose of this report is to alert the foodservice industry, particularly the fast‐food industry, of an emerging health issue. Considerable evidence has accumulated over the past two decades that heated cooking oils, especially polyunsaturated oils, may pose several types of health risks to consumers of fried foods and even people working near deep fat fryers. Heat degrades polyunsaturated fatty acids to toxic compounds; saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are resistant to heat‐induced degradation. Several types of diseases may be related to the exposure of humans to food‐ or air‐borne breakdown products of heated oils including atherosclerosis, the forerunner to cardiovascular disease; inflammatory joint disease, including rheumatoid arthritis; pathogenic conditions of the digestive tract; mutagenicity and genotoxicity, properties that often signal carcinogenesis; and teratogenicity, the property of chemicals that leads to the development of birth defects. Factors that can contribute to improved oil stability, and therefore fewer health concerns, are briefly discussed. The literature reviewed raises serious questions concerning the willful addition of large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids into the human diet without accompanying measures to ensure the protection of these fatty acids against heat‐ and oxidative‐degradation. It is hoped that this review will stimulate interest in the foodservice industry in this important area of potential health concern, and also foster the research and development activities necessary to reduce the exposure of humans to lipid oxidation products.
This study presents the case of a 4-year-old healthy child admitted to the paediatric ward for suspected accidental intoxication due to ingestion of narcoleptic drugs (methylphenidate, sertraline and quetiapine), taken on a regular basis by his 8-year-old brother affected by Asperger syndrome.Intoxication can be objectively assessed by measurements of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices with short-term (blood and urine) or long-term (hair) detection windows.At the hospital, the child's blood and urine were analysed by immunoassay (confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sertraline and quetiapine and their metabolites were identified. The suspicion that the mother administered drugs chronically prompted the analysis of six, consecutive 2-cm segments of the child's hair, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry, thereby accounting for ingestion over the previous 12 months. Quetiapine was found in the first four segments with a mean concentration of 1.00 ng/mg ± 0.94 ng/mg hair while sertraline and its metabolite, desmethyl-sertraline, were found in all segments with a mean concentration of 2.65 ± 0.94 ng/mg and 1.50 ± 0.94 ng/mg hair, respectively. Hair analyses were negative for methylphenidate and its metabolite (ritalinic acid).Biological matrices testing for psychoactive drugs disclosed both acute and chronic intoxication with quetiapine and sertraline administered by the mother.Keywords: Segmental hair testing; Children; Antidepressants; Antipsychotics; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry.Se presenta el caso de un niño sano de 4 años de edad que ingresa en la sala de hospitalización pediátrica por la sospecha de una intoxicación accidental debido a la ingesta de fármacos narcolépticos (metilfenidato, sertralina y quetiapina), que tomaba de forma pautada su hermano de 8 años de edad que padecía un síndrome de Asperger. La evaluación objetiva de la intoxicación se puede realizar con la determinación de los fármacos y sus metabolitos en matrices biológicas con una ventana de tiempo corta (sangre y orina) o larga (pelo).En el hospital se realizó un análisis de sangre y orina mediante inmunoanálisis (confirmado mediante espectrometría líquida-cromatografía de masas) y se identificó la presencia de sertralina y quetiapina y sus metabolitos. Con la sospecha de administración crónica de fármacos al niño, se procedió al análisis del pelo con cromatografía líquida de ultra-alto rendimiento-espectrometría de masas en tándem.El pelo se dividió en 6 segmentos consecutivos de 2 cm de longitud, de forma que permitieron estudiar la ingesta de los fármacos durante los últimos 12 meses. En los primeros 4 segmentos se encontró quetiapina con una concentración media de 1,00 ng/mg ± 0,94 ng/mg de pelo y en todos los segmentos se encontraron sertralina y su metabolito, desmetil-sertralina, con una concentración media de 2,65 ± 0,94 ng/ mg y 1,50 ± 0,94 ng/mg de pelo, respectivamente. El análisis de pelo resultó negativo para metilfenidat...
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