The Ethical Climate Questionnaire measures the ethical climates at individual and organizational levels of analysis. With 1,167 individuals tested across three surveys the results at the individual level have suggested strong support for the validity and reliability of the questionnaire However, given the limited number of organizations ( n = 12) surveyed, the presence of organizational-level ethical climates remains contestable. This paper reports on the development of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, includes the results of the latest survey, and contrasts these results with previous findings.
This study analyzes the strategy-structure fit and its effect on the economic performance of 144 US. manufacturing and service multinational corporations (MNCs). The results indicate that MNCs, irrespective of being services or manufacturing, choose their organization structure consistent with the theoretical fit prescription for the kind of strategy they are pursuing. However, the strategy-structure fit had no effect on service M N C economic performance. With manufacturing MNCs, mixed results regarding the fit-performance linkage were found. Based on the findings, implications and directions for future research are suggested.With the complexity and growth of international business, the study of multinational corporations (MNCs) has become extremely important. Most MNCs are operating in markets where the competition is intense and the competitors are large. To succeed in these markets, MNCs must successfully implement their strategies to provide them with a competitive advantage.Galbraith (1977) suggests that strategy implementation requires a 'fit' between strategy and organization design. Fit has been described by Miles and Snow as: a process as well as a state . . . . . . a dynamic search that seeks to align the organization with its environment and to arrange resources internally in support of that alignment. In practical terms, the basic alignment mechanism is strategy and the internal arrangements are organizational structure and management processes (Miles and Snow 1984: 11).At the corporate level, research has focused on the fit of the overall structure of the organization
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.