Full-field dynamic shearography and laser Doppler vibrometric scanning are used to investigate the local contact acoustic nonlinear generation of delamination-induced effects on the vibration of a harmonically excited composite plate containing an artificial defect. Nonlinear elastic behavior caused by the stress-dependent boundary conditions at the delamination interfaces of a circular defect is also simulated by a 3-D second-order, finite-difference, staggered-grid model (displacement-stress formulation). Both the experimental and simulated data reveal an asymmetric motion of the layer above the delamination, which acts as a membrane vibrating with enhanced displacement amplitude around a finite offset displacement. The spectrum of the membrane motion is enriched with clapping-induced harmonics of the excitation frequency. In case of a sufficiently thin and soft membrane, the simulations reveal clear modal behavior at sub-harmonic frequencies caused by inelastic clapping.
The feasibility of full field shearographic detection of nonclassical acoustic nonlinearity is investigated. Traditional frequency analysis of the sinusoidally excited sample, as used in scanning techniques, turns out to be not practical due to the inherent optical detection nonlinearity of the shearography system itself. An alternative method, based on determining the asymmetry between shearographic images stroboscopically obtained for positive and negative displacements, is proposed. This approach allows us to easily and rapidly detect the tension-compression asymmetry which typically arises where nonbounded contact interface defects are present.
The interface-wave impedance and ellipticity are wave attributes that interrelate the full waveforms as observed in different components. For each of the fluid/elastic-solid interface waves, i.e., the pseudo-Rayleigh (pR) and Stoneley (St) waves, the impedance and ellipticity are found to have different functional dependencies on Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. By combining the attributes in a cost function, unique and stable estimates of these parameters can be obtained, particularly when using the St wave. In a validation experiment, the impedance of the laser-excited pR wave is successfully extracted from simultaneous measurements of the normal particle displacement and the fluid pressure at a water/aluminum interface. The displacement is measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) and the pressure with a needle hydrophone. Any LDV measurement is perturbed by refractive-index changes along the LDV beam once acoustic waves interfere with the beam. Using a model that accounts for these perturbations, an impedance decrease of 28% with respect to the plane wave impedance of the pR wave is predicted for the water/aluminum configuration. Although this deviation is different for the experimentally extracted impedance, there is excellent agreement between the observed and predicted pR waveforms in both the particle displacement and fluid pressure.
Acoustic surface waves are widely used to sense and map the properties of the propagation media. In order to characterise local space-time waves, methods such as Gabor analysis are powerful. Nevertheless, knowing which wave is observed, extracting its full bandwidth contribution from the others and to map it in the signal domain is also of great interest. In the Fourier domain, the acoustic energy of a wave is concentrated along the wavenumber frequency (k-ω) dispersion curve, a way to extract one wave from others is to filter the signals by mean of k-ω band-pass area that keeps only the selected surface wave. The objective of the present paper is to propose 2D Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters based on an arbitrary area shape designed to extract selected waves. FIR filtering is based on convolving the impulse response of the filter with the signals. Impulse responses derived from using k-ω elliptical areas (E-FIR) are presented. The E-FIR filters are successfully tested on three experimental space-time signals corresponding to the propagation of Lamb waves measured by standard transducers on a cylindrical shell, by laser Doppler on a plate and generated by a circular pulse and observed by shearography on a rectangular plate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.