The purpose of this study was to determine whether sagittal plane posture differed between fallers and nonfallers and to explore the relationship between skeletal alignment and balance in elderly females. Forty-eight women > 65 years of age were recruited from various medical and senior citizen centers. Thirteen of these women were classified as fallers. Spinal posture was measured in standing using an inclinometer, and lower extemity joint angles were assessed in standing using a universal goniometer. The Berg Balance Scale, the Functional Reach Test, end a modified Timed Get Up and Go Test were used to measure balance. Spinal alignment did not differ significantly between fallers and nonfallers; however, knee joint angle was significantly greater in fallers compared to nonfallers. Significant, but low, correlations were found between the inclination of the upper thoracic spine and all three balance measures. Lower thoracic slope and knee joint angle in standing were also weakly related to two of the three balance measures. This study supports the hypothesis that a significant but weak relationship exists between balance and skeletal alignment in elderly females.
SUMMARY Reliability of goniometric measurements of ranges of motion in the right hip of four children with mild or moderate spastic diplegia was studied by comparing results when physical therapists used specific and non‐specific measurement instructions. Measurements of hip extension, abduction and external rotation were made. The use of specific measurement instructions improved inter‐rater reliability only in the case of external rotation. Inter‐session reliability was not improved by the use of specific measurement instructions. It is concluded that goniometric measurements have such a low level of reliability that they can only be used to assist clinical judgment, and that they are not sufficiently reliable to be used in studies of cerebral palsy. RÉSUMÉ Fidélité des mesures angulaires de l'ouverture articulaire de hanche dans l'infirmité motrice cérébrale La fidélité des mesures angulaires de l'ouverture articulaire chez des sujets imc a été étudiée en comparant les résultats obtenus lorsque les kinésithérapeutes suivaient des instructions de mesure spécifiques et non spécifiques. Les mesures de l'extension, de l'abduction et de la rotation externe de la hanche ont été analysées. L'emploi d'instructions spécifiques de mesures améliorait la fidélité entre examinateurs uniquement dans le cas de rotation externe de la hanche. La fidélité entre des examens successifs ne fut pas améliorée par l'emploi de mesures spécifiques. Les mesures angulaires sont d'un si faible niveau de fidélité qu'elles peuvent seulement être utilisées pour aider le jugement clinique et qu'elles ne sont pas suffisamment fidèles pour être utilisées dans la recherche sur l'imc. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Zuverlässigkeit von Winkelbestimmungen des Bewegungsradius im Hüftgelenk bei Cerebralparese Bei Patienten mit Cerebralparese wurde die Zuverlässigkeit der Winkelbestimmungen im Hüftgelenk untersucht, indem die Ergebnisse von Bewegungstherapeuten verglichen wurden, die spezifischen und unspezifischen Messvorschriften gefolgt waren. Es wurden die Messungen der Hüftstreckung, ‐abduktion und ‐aussenrotation untersucht. Die Anwendung spezifischer Messvorschriften erzielte nur bei der Hüftaussenrotation verläss‐lichere Daten. Die Anwendung der spezifischen Messvorschriften erbrachte insgesamt keine besseren Ergebnisse. Die Winkelbestimmungen sind so unzuverlässig, dass sie nur als Hilfsmittel für die klinische Beurteilung herangezogen werden können und bei der Anwendung in Cerebralparesestudien nicht aussagekräftig sind. RESUMEN Fiabilidad de las mediciones goniométricas del margen del movimiento de la cadera en la parálisis cerebral espástica La fiabilidad de las mediciones goniométricas del margen del movimiento de la cadera en la parálisis cerebral espástica, fue estudiada comparando los resultados cuando los fisioterapeutas usaban los instrumentos de medición especificas y no específicas. Se estudiaron las mediciones de la extensión, abducción y rotación externa de la cadera. El use de instrumentos de medición específica mejoró la fiabilidad sólo e...
This paper outlines the demography of disability among Canada's elderly population, and examines whether services such as Home Care and the Extramural Hospital programmes are meeting the needs of disabled, as opposed to sick, housebound elderly. In the future, an increasing number of rehabilitation professionals will provide services in community-based programmes rather than in hospitals and other health care institutions. A description is given of planned changes in occupational therapy and physical therapy curricula designed to prepare students to work effectively with disabled older persons in the community.
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