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Female labor force plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The core objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between female labor force participation rate and Pakistan's economic growth using time series data for the period 1990-2014. The data was extracted from World Development Indicators database. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to examine the data for unit root. The results show that both the variables---female labor force participation rate and economic growth---are stationary at first difference i.e. I(1). The error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration tests were used to examine the co-integration relation between the variables. The econometric results conclude that there is long-run and a U-shaped link between economic growth and women labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The results conclude that lower female labor force participation rate leads to lower economic growth in Pakistan. This paper has important policy implications, suggests that policies intend to remove such barriers could help to enhance the Pakistan's economic growth.

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We examine the relation between financing patterns and firm growth in transition economies. Using a survey data set covering more than 20,000 firms in 30 Eastern European and Central Asian countries from 2002 to 2014, we find that firms using formal bank finance grow faster than those financed by informal sources. Our results hold after controlling for firm characteristics, country economic development, and potential endogeneity. The effect of bank finance on firm growth is more pronounced in non‐OECD than OECD countries, indicating the overwhelming importance of bank finance in countries with less developed institutions.