Over the past 2 decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown from a relatively unknown disease to the most common cause of CLD in the world. In fact, 25% of the world's population is currently thought to have NAFLD. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the subtype of NAFLD that can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. NAFLD and NASH are found in not only adults-there is a high prevalence in children and adolescents. Due to NAFLD's close association with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, the latest models predict the prevalence of NAFLD and NASH will increase, causing a tremendous clinical and economic burden and poor patient-reported outcomes. Nonetheless, there is no accurate non-invasive method to detect NASH and treatment is limited to life style modifications. To examine the state of NAFLD among different regions and understand the global trajectory of this disease, an international group of experts came together during 2017 AASLD Global NAFLD Forum. We provide a summary of this forum and an assessment of the current state of NAFLD and NASH worldwide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set up a working party on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in 2004, with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines on various aspects of ACLF relevant to disease patterns and clinical practice in the Asia-Pacific region. Experts predominantly from the Asia-Pacific region constituted this working party and were requested to identify different issues of ACLF and develop the consensus guidelines. A 2-day meeting of the working party was held on January 22-23, 2008, at New Delhi, India, to discuss and finalize the consensus statements. Only those statements that were unanimously approved by the experts were accepted. These statements were circulated to all the experts and subsequently presented at the Annual Conference of the APASL at Seoul, Korea, in March 2008. The consensus statements along with relevant background information are presented in this review.

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Combination of lactulose plus rifaximin is more effective than lactulose alone in the treatment of overt HE.

The Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) convened an international working party on the “APASL consensus statements and recommendation on management of hepatitis C” in March, 2015, in order to revise “APASL consensus statements and management algorithms for hepatitis C virus infection (Hepatol Int 6:409–435, 2012)”. The working party consisted of expert hepatologists from the Asian-Pacific region gathered at Istanbul Congress Center, Istanbul, Turkey on 13 March 2015. New data were presented, discussed and debated to draft a revision. Participants of the consensus meeting assessed the quality of cited studies. Finalized recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C are presented in this review.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12072-016-9717-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Lactulose, probiotics, and LOLA significantly improve MHE and HRQoL in patients with chronic liver disease.