In this study, parameters that should be monitored during the service life of a bridge and the relationship between the parameters and damage are investigated in order to predict the fatigue damages in steel-concrete composite bridge girders with welded full depth transverse stiffeners. In this context, static and fatigue tests are carried out on steel-concrete composite beam specimens with welded full depth transverse stiffeners. Load-deflection behavior of specimens is determined by these monotonic tests. In the fatigue tests, the specimens are subjected to cyclic loading with various stress ranges, and stress range - number of cycles (S-N) data is obtained. Fatigue crack and fatigue fracture are observed in the first two specimens with the highest stress range applied. As expected, the fatigue crack occurred at the point where the stiffener is welded to the bottom flange. During the tests, dynamic deflection and strain measurements are performed at the critical points throughout the cyclic loading. The parameters which are more critical in terms of fatigue behavior and should be monitored are determined by examining the relationship between the obtained data from these measurements and fatigue damage. Discussions and evaluations are made on the level of safety presented in the relevant code by the comparison of the obtained results from fatigue tests with the code and the important studies in the literature. Finally, the specimens without fatigue fracture were tested under monotonic loading to determine the residual strength. Accordingly, the change in the load-deflection behavior after cyclic loading is demonstrated.
The castle structures, which were designed for defense purposes during the period they were built, as a result of the loss of their functions over time, some of them disappear completely, while some of them survive to the present day as a ruin. The rehabilitation of the structures requires a scientific approach and a knowledge of the cultural background to preserve historical identity of the structures. Utilizing these kinds of specific knowledge and the scientific method, the aesthetic and historical values of the structure can be provided. Rehabilitations require an interdisciplinary approach to gain a full understanding of the construction technique and member properties and, also its material characteristics of the structures based on historical documents. In order to restore such structures to their authentic form and prolong their service life, the historical research that started on the date they were built and continued to the present day should be researched, and the material characteristics of the original structural members should be identified. The present study covers the rehabilitation works carried out on a historical ruined castle that was built as a defensive structure in the early 1800s, but has since lost its structural integrity and authentic form. The study is carried out in four stages, beginning with a research of the historical process of the ruined castle, followed by a field study, laboratory analyses and rehabilitation applications. The historical process of the castle was aimed to identify the structural changes that castle has undergone since its construction, while the field study involves a visual examination of the structural defects and the gathering of representative samples from different points of the structure. The laboratory analyses involve mechanical and density tests as well as chemical and mineralogical analyses on the gathered samples. At the last stage, rehabilitation applications were carried out based on the data obtained in the first three stages. In the scope of application works, the joint losses and abrasions to the castle walls was repaired using mixtures formulated through laboratory analyses, and degraded stones was replaced, taking into account their authentic form. Structural cracks were filled following the properties of the original materials. In the completion applications, the abraded and ruptured stones of the castle were completed taking into account the original sizes, types, construction techniques and masonry forms of the stones. As a result of all of the applications, the castle structure was rehabilitated to its authentic situation from ruin, allowing it to survive as an asset of cultural heritage. The study can be deemed important based on its focus on the geometric and material restoration of historical castles that have lost their structural integrity and authentic form, but also in its examination of a defensive structure that was built on the coast of the Aegean Sea in the Dardanelles.
Considering the vertical-and lateral-effects to RC buildings are exposed, type of construction and geometrical properties of the bearing members is known as the effective parameters in the structural behavior. Slabs defined the bearing members are plane members that transfer the acting loads to the columns and beams. RC slabs are generally classified as beam slab, flat slab and ribbed slab according to the way of transferring the loads in RC buildings under seismic effects. Especially in housing types, ribbed slab system is preferred, while parking type structures are used flat slab system. In this choice, the function of the structure is taken into consideration, and the effect of the selected slab type on the seismic behavior of structures can be ignored. In this respect, the structural behavior of the slab types on the structural behavior must be investigated, extensively. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of slab type on structural behavior in a low-rise RC building. Within the scope of the study, three-dimensional structural model of the examined building is prepared by considering three different slab types, and then analyzed by using linearand nonlinear-analysis methods such as equivalent earthquake load-, mode superposition-and time history analysis-method. As a result of numerical analysis, the parameters that are effective in the structural behavior and construction processseismic performance, torsional behavior, story drift, etc.-are compared and evaluated the parameters in the selection of slab type in low-rise buildings. Consequently, suggestions for determining the most suitable slab system for the low-rise buildings presented.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.