No abstract

The teaching of veterinary anatomy was started in line with the foundation of the first veterinary school in Lyon in 1762. During this time fewer tools and techniques were available for displaying and visualization of organs in order to teach anatomy. Over the years, many methods, tools, and techniques that are essential for veterinary students and anatomists were developed. Teaching materials like cadaver which preserved by formalin has being using for a long time. Instead of preserved cadavers, various teaching materials have also been using in different parts of the world. These alternative techniques were not hopeful to meet the challenges in the medical and veterinary sciences. In 1977, Dr. Gunther von Hagens came up with an exclusive method, for the preservation of biological materials, called plastination. In the process of plastination body fluids and lipids in biological tissues replace with epoxy silicone and polyester polymers. Plastinated specimens are an excellent alternative to formalin-fixed specimens. Plastination brings not only three-dimensional and cross-sectional specimens for teaching and research, but also durable, clean, non-toxic materials for students. Plastinates are also convenient to handle, transport, and store. Three major methods used in plastination are silicone plastination, sheet plastination with epoxy method and sheet plastination with polyester method. Silicone plastination is the most adaptable technique for cadavers, whole body or organ slices. Relative to the other plastination methods, it is widely used for teaching veterinary anatomy. Sheet plastination with polyester resin has been used for the production of opaque brain slices, while sheet plastination with epoxy resins are used for transparent body or organ slices. Plastinated specimens are easy to work for both theoretical and practical courses.

Bu çalışma, lokal polyester reçine ile böbreğin ince kesit plastinasyonu için bir protokol geliştirmeyi ve örneğin anatomik detaylarını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Örnek %10 formalin fiksasyon solüsyonu ile sabitlendi ve ardından 3 mm'lik dilimlere ayrıldı. Polyester plastinasyon tekniğinin dört aşaması kullanıldı. İlk olarak örnekler dehidrasyon için -25ºC'de %99,5 aseton banyosunda tutulmuştur. Bu işlemden sonra kesitler polyester reçineye yerleştirildi ve vakum altında oda sıcaklığında (20ºC) impregnasyon işlemine başlandı. Zorlu impregnasyon işleminden sonra kürleme odaları oluşturuldu ve kürleme işlemine ultraviyole ışık altında devam edildi. Uygulanan her aşamanın verileri dikkatlice kaydedildi ve böbrek bölümlerinin polyester plastinasyonu için protokol başarıyla oluşturuldu. Örnekler, ince bir kesit görünümü sayesinde farklı bir bakış açısıyla gözlemlenmiştir. Örneklerin anatomik morfolojisi ve böbreğin kesit bölümlerine ait yapılar, böbrek paraşimi ve dolaşım bileşenleri gibi, iyi korunmuştur. Elde edilen son ürünler, böbreklerin kesitsel anatomik çalışmaları için iyi birer eğitim materyalleri olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Wallabies are small‐ to medium‐sized hopping marsupials and have large and flexible tendons in their hind limbs that act like springs. This study aimed to show the morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's wallaby. Two Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) that died of natural causes have been used for this study. The pes was dissected using standard dissection techniques to expose the tendons around metatarsals and digits. The crural musculature of the hind limb was also dissected to identify the origin of the tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis, m. extensor digiti II et III longus, m. flexor digitorum superficialis, m. flexor digitorum profundus and mm. interossei were the main identified tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus attached to the distal phalanx of the fourth digit. The tendon of m. extensor digitorum lateralis had two insertion points, on the fourth and the fifth digits. The tendon of m. flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcates at the level proximal one‐third of the metatarsus. The relatively thinner branch inserted into the phalanx of the fifth digit, while the thicker splits and inserted to the medial and lateral surface of the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the fourth digit. Tendon of m. flexor digitorum profundus was the thickest tendon on the plantar surface, and it had four insertion points, which were the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth and fifth digits. This study provides detailed information for future studies on the biomechanical and functional morphology of tendons in marsupials.