Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the light-skinned population and it is generally caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Early detection of skin cancer has the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity. There are many diagnostic technologies and tests to diagnose skin cancer. However many of these tests are extremely complex and subjective and depend heavily on the experience of the clinician. To obviate these problems, image processing techniques, a neural network system (NN) and a fuzzy inference system were used in this study as promising modalities for detection of different types of skin cancer. The accuracy rate of the diagnosis of skin cancer by using the hierarchal neural network was 90.67% while using neuro-fuzzy system yielded a slightly higher rate of accuracy of 91.26% in diagnosis skin cancer type. The sensitivity of NN in diagnosing skin cancer was 95%, while the specificity was 88%. Skin cancer diagnosis by neuro-fuzzy system achieved sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 89%.

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Aim: Variations in the clinical outcomes using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatments exist, reflecting different origins and niches. To date, there is no consensus on the best source of MSCs most suitable to treat a specific disease. Methods: Total transcriptome analysis of human MSCs was performed. MSCs were isolated from two adult sources bone marrow, adipose tissue and two perinatal sources umbilical cord and placenta. Results: Each MSCs type possessed a unique expression pattern that reflects an advantage in terms of their potential therapeutic use. Advantages in immune modulation, neurogenesis and other aspects were found. Discussion: This study is a milestone for evidence-based choice of the type of MSCs used in the treatment of diseases.

HighlightsVery rare case report, isolated congenital upper lip midline sinus.Surgical excision is curative, no recurrence.Upper lip midline sinus can be associated with syndromes or conditions.

Key Clinical Message Complete Primary Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare syndrome that presents with skin and skeletal manifestations. Though diagnosis can be made on the basis of the classic clinical and radiological features, it is often missed due to variable presentations. Therefore, it is important to know about this syndrome to reach correct diagnosis.

n Abstract: This study describes and evaluates the results of a proposed simple technique of volume replacement by local flaps to reconstruct the breast after conserving surgery for breast cancer. Twenty-five patients with breast cancer were enrolled in the study between 1998 and 2004. All patients were surgically treated by wide local excision and axillary dissection of level I & II. The primary closure was not feasible because of resulting large defect in proportion to the breast size. The defect was constructed by local flap raised from adjacent skin and subcutaneous tissue with or without glandular breast tissue. Data analyzed includes: age, tumor location, tumor size, histopathology results, operative techniques, complications, long-term oncological events, and cosmetic outcome. The mean follow-up was 48 months. The mean age was 45.3 years. The mean tumor size was 3.1 cm. All tumors had upper outer or upper central location. Fourteen tumors were in left breast. Histopathological analysis had revealed 84% infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no otherwise specified type, 12% medullary type, and 4% tubulo-lobular carcinoma. Additional ductal carcinoma in situ was found in three patients. One patient had focally positive deep margin. One hematoma and one fat necrosis during radiotherapy were documented. During follow-up, one patient developed local recurrence after 4 years and required mastectomy, another patient developed concomitant local recurrence and distant metastasis in the lung and brain after 18 months of the primary treatment and died 1 year later. In this study, 84% of women were satisfied with their cosmetic outcome. This study demonstrated the value of local flaps to reconstruct breast defects after wide local excision of tumors in upper outer or upper central location as simple alternative to latissimus dorsi flap and other volume displacement techniques. n

HighlightsGiant perianal Seborrheic keratosis is a rare form of the sidease that can be misdiagnosed with other skin conditions.The diagnosis of Seborrheic keratosis requires biopsy and histopathologic examination of the lesion.Treatment of giant lesions at the genital area can be successfully made with skin grafting and proper soft tissue coverage.

Background Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is a rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, caused by mutations in the APTX gene. The disease is characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia and severe axonal polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to detect the disease-causing variants in two unrelated consanguineous Jordanian families with cerebellar ataxia using whole exome sequencing (WES), and to correlate the identified mutation(s) with the clinical and cellular phenotypes. Methods WES was performed in three affected individuals and segregation analysis of p.W279* APTX candidate variant was performed. Expression levels of APTX were measured in patients' skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by western blot analysis in skin fibroblasts. Genotoxicity assay was performed to detect the sensitivity of APTX mutated cells to H 2 O 2 , MMC, MMS and etoposide. Results A recurrent homozygous nonsense variant in APTX gene (c.837G>A, p.W279*) was revealed in all affected individuals. qRT-PCR showed normal APTX levels in peripheral