The analysis of existing information on physical activity and fitness as elements of health and well-being reveals that they are achieved particularly effectively in contact with nature. Physical education lessons outdoors, as a form of healthy training, have been performed in numerous countries for years, providing a response to the traditional indoor model of this kind of education. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the participation of students in outdoor and indoor lesson activities and the change in their physical fitness. 220 students participated in an experimental study. The experimental group, which did exercise usually in open spaces, included 49 boys and 54 girls. The control group, which exercised inside school, consisted of 63 boys and 54 girls. The study period lasted two years and involved the fifth and sixth form of primary school. Experimental group subjects were 11.26 years old (±0.32) during the initial test, and the control group individuals were 11.28 years (±0.32). During the final test, the average ages of experimental group subjects was 12.96 years (±0.32), and 12.98 years (±0.32) in the control group. The International Physical Activity Test was applied in the study. The differences between the levels of particular components of physical fitness were not statistically significant during the initial measurement (p-values ranged from p = 0.340 to p = 0.884). After two years of outdoor physical education lessons, there was revealed a considerable increase in the speed, jumping ability, and aerobic endurance of the students. Statistically significant differences were observed in these three tests, including running speed (p = 0.001), legs power (p = 0.001), and endurance (p = 0.000). The findings encourage one to continue pedagogical experiments regarding physical activity in outdoor natural environments.
The objective of the article is to demonstrate how the achievements of Revolution 4.0 enable the modification of consumers' decision-making process by means of profiling algorithms. We indicate their potential impact -for example manifested in micro-targeting, price discrimination, and filter bubbles -and conclude with a description of the radicalization of views.
Research Design & Methods:The article represents a theoretical study supported by reference to empirical data, the purpose of which is to determine the scale of the impact of IT sector companies on the economy. Findings: Information Technology tools, available mainly thanks to the achievements of revolution 4.0, allow users to modify the content of information at the level of an individual consumer, thus determining their decision-making process. This may entail a new phenomenon of the individualization of mass consumption.
Implications & Recommendations:The benefits of profiling algorithms largely contribute to the improvement of market efficiencies. Nevertheless, the accompanying threats should be clearly articulated and noticed by policymakers. High-tech enterprises, on the other hand, should assume responsibility for the fair and transparent use of profiling algorithms. Consumer awareness of the use of this technology should also be raised.
Contribution & Value Added:The article constitutes an original analysis of the approach related to the history of economic theory and the analysis of the most recent events and developments of the current fourth industrial revolution. The text examines and shows a holistic approach to the concept of "rationality" from the beginnings of economics as a science until today, along with factors that influence its perception.
An increased risk of death in septic neonates with plasma PC activity ≤10% suggests the necessity for its evaluation and possibility of supplementation of PC zymogen.
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