There is a high incidence of post-operative delirium in elderly non-demented patients following bilateral knee replacement, regardless of whether post-operative analgesia is administered by the epidural or intravenous route.

Prophylactic beta adrenergic blockade administered after elective total knee arthroplasty was associated with a reduced prevalence and duration of postoperative myocardial ischemia detected with Holter monitoring.

For complex spinal operations with large blood losses, the half-dose aprotinin regimen will reduce blood loss and the need for blood components and may have a role in reducing postoperative lung injury.

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