Introduction: Dementia care is a major public health issue worldwide. The management of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) is one of the hardest challenges in this context. Non-pharmacological strategies, like musicbased interventions (Mbi), seem promising options, being considered low-risk, widely available and inclusive. This scoping review aimed at mapping all Mbi used in dementia care, targeting BPSD, and debriefing its components, structure and rationale. Music therapy and other therapeutic music activities were included. Methods: The Arksey and O'Malley framework, Cochrane recommendations and PRISMA checklist were followed. Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ASSIA and Humanities Index were searched from first records until the 31 st of March 2020. Snowballing process and screening of relevant journals were also undertaken. A panel of experts critically guided the evidence synthesis. Results: Overall, 103 studies (34 RCT; 12 NRT; 40 Before/After studies and 17 Case Studies) met inclusion criteria. Basic elements of the Mbi, the rationale supporting its development and hypothesis tested were mostly underreported, thus hampering cross-study comparisons and generalizations. Despite this, available evidence indicates that: it is feasible to deliver Mbi to PwD at very different stages and in different settings -from community to the acute settingeven for non-music therapists; positive or neutral effects in BPSD are often reported but not without exception; individualization seems a critical factor mediating Mbi effects. Conclusions: Detailed intervention and research reporting are essential to interpretation, replication and translation into practice. Ten years after the publication of specific reporting guidelines, this goal is not yet fully achieved in music in dementia care.
Introduction: Music in Dementia Assessment Scales (MiDAS) is an observational, dementia-specific, visual analogue scale, developed to measure musical experiences of patients with dementia (PwD). It was derived from qualitative data of focus groups and interviews with PwD, carers, care home staff, and music therapists. Since its publication, there was a great interest in using MiDAS in several European countries, including Portugal. However, no adaptation to Portuguese language and culture was yet available.In this manuscript, we aim to describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation of MiDAS to European Portuguese, presenting the final MiDAS-PT version.
Method:We have followed a rigorous ten step approach, consisting of a Preparation stage; elaboration of two Forward Translations; Synthesis of the latter versions; Back Translation by a bilingual professional translator; Revision of that version by the original author of MiDAS; Harmonization with other versions of MiDAS in different languages; Testing and Debriefing of the final version with volunteer health professionals; Consensus meetings; Proofreading and finally the Reporting of the process. Results: No major changes have been made to the actual content text of MiDAS. Some minor adjustments were made in wording and additional instruction details were added in order to increase clarity and adequacy to the Portuguese setting.Discussion: Overall, Portuguese health professionals considered the instrument user friendly and intuitive in terms of content, structure and layout. To allow the use of MiDAS-PT for research and clinical purposes, the next step will be a study of its psychometric properties.
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