Quinapril (Q) and quinaprilat (QT) pharmacokinetics are dose proportional following single oral 2.5- to 80-mg Q doses. Q absorption and hydrolysis to QT is rapid with peak Q and QT concentrations occurring one and two hours postdose, respectively. Peak plasma QT concentrations were approximately fourfold higher than those of Q (923 vs 207 ng/mL following 40-mg Q). Dose-proportional QT area under the curve and dose-independent percent of dose excreted in urine as QT demonstrate that the extent of Q conversion to QT is constant over the dose range studied. Q and QT were eliminated from plasma with apparent half-lives of 0.8 and 1.9 hours and apparent plasma clearances of 1,850 and 220 mL/min, respectively, over the 2.5- to 80-mg dose range. Following oral 14C-Q, 61% and 37% of radiolabel was recovered in urine and feces, respectively. Q plus QT accounted for 46% of radioactivity circulating in plasma and 56% of that excreted in urine. Metabolism to compounds other than QT is not extensive. Two diketopiperazine metabolites of Q have been identified in plasma and urine, with approximately 6% of an administered dose excreted in urine as each of these metabolites. Peak plasma concentrations of these metabolites are similar to that of Q, and each is eliminated rapidly with a half-life of approximately one hour. Urinary excretion profiles indicate the presence of other minor metabolites. In summary, the absorption of Q and conversion to QT is rapid and dose-proportional, subsequent clearance of both Q and QT is independent of dose, and metabolism to compounds other than QT is not extensive.
Renin inhibitors having 13 different isosteres connecting the P3 and P2 positions have been prepared. Synthetic routes and in vitro activity exhibited by these compounds are discussed. The two most potent compounds, 47 and 48, contained the hydroxyethylene isostere, psi [CHOHCH2], and had IC50 values of 61 and 22 nM, respectively.
Abstract. The growth inhibitory activity of the epidioxide (II), a precursor in the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), has been confirmed with additional assay systems. Under physiological conditions the epidioxide is rearranged to give ABA and an isomer of ABA which has probably the structure V. This major product has very low, if any. biological activity. The biological activity of the epidioxide is explained by its partial conversion (about 20 %) to ABA. The reaction rate was enhanced by heavy metal ions and decreased by EDTA. At pH 12.5, the decomposition of the epidioxide is slower than it is near neutrality and ABA is the predominant product. In the biological systems studied the activity of the epidioxide can be accounted for by nonenzymatic conversion to ABA.Abscisic acid (ABA) (I) (1)
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