A longitudinal study was designed to examine the relation between Loevinger's measure of ego development and moral development as indexed by Rest's Defining Issues Test in a sample of 123 adolescents at 12 to 14 years of age and four years later. Study I assessed differential rates of change and theoretically predicted directions of change in the two developmental functions and gender differences in ego development. Substantial ego stage movement occurred (60 per cent advancement, 40 per cent stability); moral growth was moderate. Girls scored a half ego stage ahead of boys; patterns of directional change were similar. Ego level and moral development related at either fixed point in time, but ego functioning in early adolescence did not predict subsequent moral development. Study II addressed adolescents' perceptions of parenting styles in relation to these social cognitive functions. Parental behaviours that involve loving or support related to higher ego levels; parental demanding associated with lower ego development in early adolescence. Traditional gender‐related parent socialization was found among girls and boys with greater ego development. The mediating role of perceived childrearing styles was considered in relation to gender differences in ego development.

Elderly mobility patterns often constitute a greater challenge in rural areas, where the location of infrastructure and services can prove less flexible and decision makingcan be more difficult. In this paper, mobility decisions of elderly movers are assessed, and compared with a control group of 'stayers'. These groups appear to act to some extent as different populations. Nonmovers are apprehensive about the future, while many movers see positive outcomes resulting from their relocation. Service and support policies are discussed. If rural-dwelling seniors are not to be 'forced' or 'imposed upon' to move, then policies must be enacted that build more creative support systems. Les types de migration des personnes agCes prCsentent souvent un plus grand d6fi dans les milieux ruraux, 00 /'emplacement de /'infrastructure et des services peut &re moins flexible et oli la prise de dCcisions peut &re plus difficile, Dans cette Ctude on e'value les decisions des vieux de se deplacer en comparaison avec un groupe de contr6le qui est rest6 sur place. 11 semble que ces deux groupes agissent dans une certaine mesure comme deux populations diff6rentes. Ceux qui restent s'inquietent de I'avenir, tandis que plusieurs de ceux qui se dCplacent pre'voient des resultats positifs de leurs migrations. On discute les politiques de service et de soutien. Pour Cviter les migrations 'forc&s' ou 'obligatoires' des personnes ag&s dans les milieux ruraux, il faut promulguer des politiques 9ui produiront des syst$mes de soutien plus crCa teurs.

Three conceptualizations of psychosocial development were investigated among Canadian First Nation adolescents. Loevinger's social cognitive model of ego development reflects the way in which an individual views the self and social reality. From Eriksonian theory, ego strengths refer to the emergent values or outcomes that represent resolution of the eight psychosocial stages of development, and ethnic identity is a domain of personal identity with special relevance for minorities. As expected, age and biological gender differences were found for ego development. Associations between ego development and ego strengths were supported as were age differences in ethnic identity status. Traditional students (strongly identified with indigenous culture) demonstrated greater ego strengths than bicultural (identified with both their own and mainstream cultures) adolescents.

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