Decreased RGL thickness and volume detected in this study support a mechanism of RGL toxicity. RGL analysis may contribute to the diagnosis and management of toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies.
Chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is a rare infection of the lacrimal system, and can lead to misdiagnosis due to its overlapping presentation to other common entities. The authors report a case of lacrimal canaliculitis with a three-year history of recurrent unilateral red eye and mucopurulent discharge. Here, we describe the clinical course, surgical details, and microbial analysis of canaliculitis infection.
A new method for simultaneous extraction and quantification of 6 nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water matrices was optimized and validated. The extraction procedure was based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique, followed by gas chromatography-mass detection. The optimum conditions of extraction (volume of the extraction solvent, dispersive solvents and amount of salt) were selected using central composite design. The best results were found by using 200 μL of acetonitrile as dispersive solvent, 60 μL of chloroform as extraction solvent, and 10% (w/v) NaCl. Excellent linearity was observed in the range of 10-150 ng L −1 with correlation coefficients (r 2 ) ranging between 0.9996 and 0.9999 for nitro-PAHs and in the range of 5-150 ng L −1 with r 2 ranging from 0.9998 to 1.000 for PAHs. The limits of detection for the nitro-PAHs studied ranged from 0.82 to 3.37 ng L −1 , whereas for PAHs ranged from 0.62 to 3.48 ng L −1 . The intra-and inter-day precisions for nitro-PAHs were in the range of 0.45 to 19.54% and 0.43 to 19.62%, respectively, and for PAHs ranged between 0.45 to 17.42% and 0.38 to 18.97%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in analyses of groundwater, sea, rain water and river water, being appropriate for routine analyses.
PurposeDiabetes Mellitus is associated with changes in refractive parameters. Some aspects already studied were the corneal biomechanics and lens thickness. Although, the discussion about anterior chamber angle and depth is still open.The author objective was to analyze and correlate the anterior chamber depth, lens vault and lens thickness with disease duration and metabolic status.MethodsProspective case–control study. The anterior chamber and refractive parameters were studied using the Visante OCT and the differences between diabetic patients with metabolic control and disease stability were determined (group 1), without (group 2) and group‐control (3). The metabolic control is based on HbA1c levels. The cut‐off considered was 7%.ResultsA total of 64 patients were evaluated (group 1 – n = 21; group 2 – n = 20; group 3 – n = 23). The mean age was 64.32 ± 7.55 years and approximately 5 years of disease duration. In both groups of diabetic patients we found thicker lens, narrow anterior chamber and higher lens vault compared to control group. There was a difference between diabetic groups exists, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe anterior chamber angle and lens vault are influenced by the serum glucose levels. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the physiopathology mechanism responsible for the anterior segment modifications.
Purpose To evaluate the clinical presentation, microbiological results and treatment used in cases of infectious keratitis diagnosed in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central (CHLC) between July 2009 and July 2013
Methods Retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent microbiological examination for suspected infectious keratitis between July 2009 and July 2013 in the CHLC (n=86 patients)
Results The most prevalent risk factor was the use of contact lenses. Of the 93 samples taken, 59 (63.4%) were positive for at least one pathogen. A total of 64 microorganisms were isolated with 35 (54.8%) being Gram‐negative, 25 (41.9%) Gram‐positive and 2 (3.2%) fungi. The most prevalent pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In two patients, Acanthamoeba cysts were isolated by confocal microscopy. Hospitalization was needed in 64.0% of cases. The treatment of choice was the use of fortified eyedrops of vancomycin and ceftazidime. In seven patients surgical therapy was needed for infection control.
Conclusion Our work draws attention to the morbidity associated with this disease and reinforces the importance of conducting microbiological studies in these patients. The main predisposing factor in our population was the use of contact lens, with Gram‐negative microorganisms being isolated in the majority of cases.
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