GE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY impairment affects an estimated one fifth to one third of older individuals and has important individual, family, and societal costs. 1,2 In older postmenopausal women, the potential impact of declining levels of sex hormones on cognitive functioning has received particular attention because of estrogen's presumptive beneficial effects on neurotransmitters, 3 neuroconnectivity, 4,5 and neuroprotection. 6 Observational studies have suggested that long-term hormone therapy may attenuate cognitive aging in postmenopausal women, although ran-domized clinical trial results are inconsistent. 7-12 The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) includes 2 randomized trials of post-menopausal hormone therapy: the estrogen-alone trial of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) therapy in women with a prior hysterectomy and the estrogen Author Affiliations and Financial Disclosures are listed at the end of this article.
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