The purpose of this study was to determine whether trained competitive runners could maintain on-land running performance using 4 wk of deep water run training instead of on-land training. Eleven well-trained competitive runners (10 males, 1 female; ages, 32.5 +/- 5.4 yr; height, 179.8 +/- 9.3 cm; weight, 70.4 +/- 6.7 kg (mean +/- SD)) trained exclusively using deep water run training for 4 wk. Subjects trained 5-6 d.wk-1 for a total of 20-24 sessions (mean +/- SD, 22 +/- 1.5 sessions). Instruction and practice sessions were conducted prior to the training period. Before and after the deep water run training, subjects completed a 5-km race on the treadmill using a computer based system, a submaximal run at the same absolute workload to assess running economy, and a combined lactate threshold and maximal oxygen consumption test. No significant differences were found for (mean +/- SEM): 5-km run time (pre, 1142.7 +/- 39.5 s; post, 1149.8 +/- 36.9 s; P = 0.28), submaximal oxygen consumption (pre 44.8 +/- 1.2 mL.kg-1.min-1; post, 45.3 +/- 1.5 mL.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.47), lactate threshold running velocity (pre, 249.1 +/- 0.9 m.min-1; post, 253.6 +/- 6.3 m.min-1; P = 0.44), or maximal oxygen consumption (pre, 63.4 +/- 1.3 mL.kg-1.min-1; post, 62.2 +/- 1.3 mL.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.11). Also no differences were found among Global Mood State pre-training, each week during training, and post-training. Competitive distance runners maintained running performance using 4 wk of deep water run training as a replacement for on-land training.
Obligation to exercise appears to be similar for both sexes. Women, however, appear to have higher levels of anxiety regarding how others evaluate their physique than do men. The combination of level of activity and sex do not appear to be associated with social physique anxiety or obligation to exercise.
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