The shift in vascular function to vasoconstriction, pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress and carbon monoxide deficiency may to endothelial dysfunction and injury, which is the key event in hypertension. Estrogen receptor modulators play a protective role in blood vessels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bazedoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its potential underlying mechanism of action. The present study treated endothelial cells with different concentrations of bazedoxifene and determined cell viability using Cell Counting Kit-8 to screen for the optimal working concentration of bazedoxifene. Subsequently, an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular endothelial cell model was established to observe the effect of bazedoxifene on AngII-induced endothelial cells. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using NO and ROS kits, respectively. The protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins was detected using western blotting, and apoptosis was detected using a TUNEL assay. The results demonstrated that bazedoxifene promoted AngII-induced HUVEC viability, reduced the expression of stress-related proteins and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, bazedoxifene activated SIRT1 to promote the proliferation and inhibit the oxidative stress and apoptosis of AngII-induced HUVECs. These findings suggested that bazedoxifene could effectively promote AngII-induced HUVEC proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition, bazedoxifene protected HUVEC dysfunction induced by AngII by targeting the activation of SIRT1. In summary, bazedoxifene could improve the protective role against hypertension induced by AngII.
Objective: To compare the patency of graft and anastomoses in sequential and individual coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Our study used the Cochrane Library database, Excerpta Medica database, Web of Science, and PubMed. Studies comparing the outcomes of graft or anastomosis patency were assessed independently by two reviewers to identify the literature of satisfaction. We used Review Manager and STATA software for statistical analysis. Results: Fifteen cohort studies were analyzed, including 10681 patients, 12957 grafts, and 4341 anastomoses, under sequential and individual CABG. Compared with the sequential group, the individual one is statistically significant in the graft patency [risk ratio (RR)=1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI ) 1.01–1.13; p=0.02] and anastomosis patency (RR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12; p=0.005). Conclusion: Our study suggested that the patency of the individual group, in terms of graft and anastomosis patency, is better than that of the sequential one.
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