Wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) is among the major diseases of common wheat. The lack of resistance genes to leaf rust has limited the development of wheat cultivars. Wheat–Agropyron cristatum (A. cristatum) 2P addition line II-9-3 has been shown to provide broad-spectrum immunity to leaf rust. To identify the specific A. cristatum resistance genes and related regulatory pathways in II-9-3, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of inoculated and uninoculated leaves of the resistant addition line II-9-3 and the susceptible cultivar Fukuhokomugi (Fukuho). The results showed that there were 66 A. cristatum differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1389 wheat DEGs in II-9-3 during P. triticina infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the DEGs of II-9-3 were associated with plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway–plant, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, many defense-related A. cristatum genes, such as two NLR genes, seven receptor kinase-encoding genes, and four transcription factor-encoding genes, were identified. Our results indicated that the key step of resistance to leaf rust involves, firstly, the gene expression of chromosome 2P upstream of the immune pathway and, secondly, the effect of chromosome 2P on the co-expression of wheat genes in II-9-3. The disease resistance regulatory pathways and related genes in the addition line II-9-3 thus could play a critical role in the effective utilization of innovative resources for leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding.
Adhering to the strategy of energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important principles of China’s industrial development. As one of the indispensable pillar industries of the national economy with high energy consumption and emissions. at the same time because of the restriction of the natural environment conditions, the high-speed development of behind to face the problem of the shortage of resources, ecological destruction, in order to improve people’s quality of life and life experience, improve the level of energy conservation and emissions reduction iron and steel industry is imperative. Steel smelting industry, comprehensive considering the steel utilization, energy conservation and emissions reduction targets, etc., have noticed that the costs in smelting system energy-saving, the importance of the question is, society for steel utilization, can’t bring enough money for the iron and steel smelting industry benefit, and hindered the development of new energy saving technology, increased the energy saving of iron and steel smelting system pressure. Thus it can be seen that cost capital is the main problem of energy saving in modern iron and steel smelting system. Only with financial support can the level of energy saving be improved.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.