The antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA in this area exhibited multidrug resistance, and clonal complexes CC398 and CC188, which have been reported among human MRSA isolates, do occur in Xinjiang dairy cows. This study provides a foundation for further MRSA monitoring.
Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have caused serious damage to the environment and public health. Catalytic combustion is an efficient technology for VOC elimination. In this study, porous silica supported amorphous MnO x was constructed. It presented excellent stability and high activity for toluene combustion, even under the high humidity (T 90 = 218 °C). Compared with bulk amorphous MnO x , the catalytic activity has been improved by more than 11 times. The various characterizations and quantum chemical calculation results suggested that the Si−O−Mn hybridization induced weakening of the Mn−O bond strength and electron transfer from the catalyst to surface oxygen species. A promoting effect of the Si−O−Mn interaction on the spillover of active O species was proposed which enhanced the catalytic activity. In-situ DRIFTS and XPS analytical results determined the reaction mechanism and revealed that both O latt and O surf participate in the catalytic oxidation of toluene . The problem of the poor thermal stability of amorphous MnO x has been solved in this work. This work provides a convenient and effective method to prepare efficient catalysts with high activity and good thermal stability for VOC catalytic combustion.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially infects and destroys CD4+ cells and leads to a gradual decline in the number of CD4 cells. Despite evidence that probiotics increase CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and lower the risk of HIV transmission, little is known about the detailed mechanism underlying these effects. In this study, we investigated the cell surface protein of Lactobacillus and its role in blocking HIV-1 transmission by lactobacilli. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS), we detected the CD4 receptor on the surface of Lactobacillus. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the CD4 receptor could partially inhibit HIV-1 binding to Lactobacillus. In addition, Lactobacillus could decrease HIV-1 pseudovirus infection of TZM-bl cells in vitro by 60-70%. Our data suggest that Lactobacillus can use this receptor to bind HIV and block HIV infection. This may in turn increase the CD4 T lymphocyte count in patients with HIV. These data provide direct evidence that Lactobacillus expresses the CD4 receptor and utilizes it to block HIV transmission.
Membrane fusion is central to the entry of influenza virus into host cells. To quantitatively determine the fusion activity of hemagglutinin (HA) of avian influenza virus H5N1, we established a cell fusion assay based on a dual luciferase reporter gene. The HA fusion activity was assayed by measuring luciferase expression in fused cells, allowing a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative comparison of HA fusion activities at various pHs and in different cells types. The simplicity and the quantitative nature of this novel assay are ideally suited for identifying viral receptors or screening for inhibitors of viral entry in the future.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.