In this paper, we present a real-time communication protocol, called SPEED, for sensor networks. The protocol provides three types of real-time communication services, namely, real-time unicast, real-time area-multicast and real-time area-anycast. SPEED is specifically tailored to be a stateless, localized algorithm with minimal control overhead. End-to-end real-time communication guarantees are achieved using a novel combination of feedback control and non-deterministic QoS-aware geographic forwarding with a bounded hop count. SPEED is a highly efficient and scalable protocol for the sensor networks where node density is high while the resources of each node are scarce. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are provided to validate our claims.
With the development of wireless network, framework based on multi-hop wireless network (MHWN) mechanism is paid more attention. However, the unique characteristics of MHWN, such as distributed and dynamic network architecture, broadcast nature of wireless medium and stringent resource constraints of wireless devices, make it subject to interference from other nearby communication system, malicious jammers, and other sources of noise. So countermeasure should be taken to ensure tolerant network service for MHWN especially in jammed situations. Although some works have addressed this issue, few works consider interference dynamics. In this article, we investigate the effects of time-varying interference on MHWN. Different from previous studies, a proactive multi-path routing mechanism based on interference dynamic metric is presented. In the novel mechanism, we incorporate the routing interference activity entries and hop count to build higher robust anti-jamming paths in MHWN, with less re-route request times. Interference avoidance performance is well evaluated based on NS2. The results show that the proposed mechanisms can perform well in a wide variety of interference conditions.
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