Water-in-oil emulsions are formed during crude oil production. Some natural surfactants (asphaltenes) aggregates are known to form viscoelastic film preventing coalescence of emulsified water droplets. The present research work investigates the interfacial properties and demulsifying capacity of Janus type magnetic nanoparticles. poly (methylmethacrylate-acrylicacid-divinylbenzene) iron oxide Janus nanoparticles with Interfacially active P(MMA-AA-DVB) block copolymer and iron oxide (magnetic) shows excellent interfacial and magnetic properties. Experiments performed at the oil-water interface indicates that Janus particles adsorb at the oil - water interface and separate the emulsified water from the external magnetic field. The external magnetic play important role demulsification of magnetically tagged emulsified water droplets, producing smaller volumes of sludge and decrease the hydrocarbon loss to waste aqueous phase. The chemical bonding of interfacially active P(MMA-AA-DVB) grafted with magnetic nanoparticles and the magnetic property of P(MMA-AA-DVB)/Fe3O4 allowed the used Janus nanoparticles to be readily recycled by magnetic separation and regenerated by solvent washing.
Porous properties have notable effect on separating effect of organic polymer-based monolithic column. Different applications of monolithic columns require tailored pore size distributions. On account of that, P(GMA-co-EGDMA) monolithic columns were prepared with novel ternary porogenic agents. Glass tubes was chosen as polymerization mold. Moreover, factors influencing the inner pore morphology, pore size and specific surface area were investigated systematically. The results showed that the increasing of the solubility of porogenic agents and the amount of crosslinker, the decreasing of the amount of porogenic agents and temperature rising all could give rise to the decreasing of pore size. Remarkably, the effect of initiator was studied for the first time. The results showed that amount of initiator had no remarkable influence on porous properties. By controlling effect factors, P(GMA-co-EGDMA) Monolithic Columns with pore size from dozens to thousands of nanometer, which can be applied in separation of molecules with different size.
Aiming at the present situation of surface construction damage and pollution by coal mining, introduced the application situation of filling mining technology. In view of China's municipal solid waste present situation, proposed the bag filling mode in coal mine gobs, and put forward the reasonable filling process and filling system design. It is more helpful to deal with the city garbage on a large scale by combining the garbage stowing with the treatment of mine gobs than traditional waste disposal methods, such as burying, compost piling and burning also can effectively control the surface subsidence issues, and it is very significant to science and environment.
Blast can cause serious loss of people live and property,and heavy damage on building structures. So, a numerical study on internal-blast-field characteristics and dynamic response of concrete by aluminized explosive was conducted. Moreover, three energy release models of aluminized explosive with combustion effects were compared and analyzed. The numerical study shows that the ignition and growth model is one three-form equation of reaction rate, which can describe unsteady detonation process of non-ideal explosives well. So, in this paper, the energy release model of aluminized explosive based on the Lee-Tarver rate equation was utilized, and an internal-blast dynamic model of concrete was established. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was adopted to research the explosion field and damage effects of concrete, and provides an important way to evaluate the damage effect of internal-blast of the concrete.
This paper introduces advantages of XML as a data exchange format, and proposes a multi-database system architecture based on XML, a data exchange platform model. We takes full advantage of is the features of XML, including good extensibility and interactivity, to implement the XML-based integration program of heterogeneous databases, making all kinds of data described in a unified XML format. And we describe the actual workflow of the system in this model and theoretically analyze the implementation details of its core modules. Finally, the workflow and the multi-database work mode for users to access databases in the system model based on XML are presented.
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