<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Urothelial carcinoma is one of the most common human cancers, both in Thailand and worldwide. Urine cytology is a screening tool used to detect urothelial carcinoma. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPSRUC) was first published in 2016 to standardize the procedures, reporting, and management of urothelial carcinoma. Diagnostic categories include negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC), HGUC, low-grade urothelial neoplasm, and other malignancies. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> In a retrospective review, urine cytology specimens from 2016 to 2019 were reevaluated using the TPSRUC. The risk of high-grade malignant neoplasm (ROHM) for each diagnostic category was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of prediction of high-grade malignant neoplasms were evaluated for cases with histological follow-up specimens. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 2,178 urine cytology specimens were evaluated, of which 456 cases had follow-up histological specimens. The ROHM in each diagnostic category was as follows: NHGUC, 17.4%; AUC, 49.9%; SHGUC, 81.2%; HGUC, 91.3%; and other malignant neoplasms, 87.5%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for high-grade malignant neoplasm prediction were 63%, 92.8%, 89%, 73.1%, and 78.5% when AUC was included as malignant in the comparison and 82.6%, 74.7%, 75.1%, 82.3%, and 78.5% when AUC was not considered malignant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> TPSRUC provides reliable results that are reproducible by different interpreters and is a helpful tool for the detection of HGUC.
Genetic alteration and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression have been revealed to be associated with various subtypes of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC). The present study aimed to explore the association between histological subtypes and genetic alterations and PD-L1 expression. A total of 375 cases of pulmonary ADC were included. Genetic alterations were determined using next generation sequencing (NGS) in 136 cases. PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (based on clone 22C3) in the remaining 239 cases. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) were detected in 76 (55.8%) cases associated with the papillary subtype (P=0.038). Mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog gene (KRAS) were present in 46 (33.8%) cases associated with the lepidic subtype (P<0.001) and mucinous ADC (P=0.037). PD-L1 expression was identified in 63 (26.4%) cases associated with the solid subtype (P<0.001). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that EGFR and KRAS mutations, alongside PD-L1 protein expression are significantly associated with specific subtypes of pulmonary ADC. These results should aid our ability to accurately select appropriate areas of the heterogeneous tumor for molecular testing methods and to predict patient outcomes and prognosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.