Evaluating groundwater levels and recharge patterns is part of sustainably managing the water supply and predicting the possibility of water shortages, especially in light of climate change, extreme events (floods/droughts), increasing population and development. In the northern region of Ghana, groundwater is increasingly relied upon as a source of potable water for rural populations, but seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations of groundwater levels and recharge patterns are not always known. The fluctuation of groundwater levels on a seasonal basis shows that groundwater levels at all sites increase in response to seasonal precipitation. On an annual basis, all sites show an overall net decline of groundwater levels over the study period, which may be associated with below-average departures of precipitation during five of the seven study years. The variability of recharge patterns among five sites is attributed to the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation and hydrogeologic site uniqueness. The overarching potential benefit of this study is to facilitate OPEN ACCESS Climate 2015, 3 2 closing knowledge gaps and contribute to a foundation for a more robust evaluation of groundwater resources in the area, especially as more data become available.
The purpose of this study was to develop an approach for constructing a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework using borehole driller logs. The ultimate goal is to increase drilling success rates via a better understanding of the regional hydrogeologic framework in northern Ghana. Groundwater development has increased in northern Ghana, but drilling successful boreholes is difficult due to complex geology and limited aquifer characteristic information. An approach was developed to construct a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework of the basin using 900 borehole logs from World Vision International's Ghana Integrated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Project, located in northern Ghana. The study's approach consists of: evaluating potential software programs; collecting borehole drilling logs; data QA/QC; data standardization and normalization; analysis for trends and correlations; and creation of a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework and two-dimensional cross sections. This approach can be used and adapted by others working to provide groundwater in developing countries.
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