Control of forest fire ignition sources is the top priority in fire management practices. China has gained great success in reducing forest fires in recent years, and the relevant safety measures taken during this process are worthy of investigation and publicity. Based on fire statistical data through the years between 2003 and 2017, we analyzed the detailed classification of fire ignition sources and their contribution to the annual forest fire occurrence. The role of different ignition sources in altering fire occurrence was quantified and ranked by defining a contribution extent parameter. A statistical tool was also applied to conduct correlation analysis to identify variation patterns of time series data from individual fire causes. The annual fire numbers declined after 2008 and stabilized at a level < 2000 in recent years, pointing to the containment of several major ignition sources. Starting from the legislative development, an accountability system was established at all levels from administrative heads to local residents, paving the way for the multifaceted and full-coverage fire prevention publicity and education as well as the fire use restriction in particular seasons. The effectiveness of management measures in lessening forest fire occurrence was interpreted using the results of correlation analysis among the fire numbers initiated by individual ignition sources.
Forest fire ecology is a discipline to study the ecological consequences of forest fires and the interrelationships among them. With the intensification of climate change and the deterioration of forest fire status, forest fire ecology has become a very active branch of ecology. In this paper we reviewed the development history of forest fire ecology and expounded the extension and connotation of forest fire ecology, fire factors and regimes as well as their interaction with the ecological systems. Previous ecologists have conducted a lot of research on the impact of forest fire on the ecological environment and the adaptability of ecosystems to forest fire. The development of forest fire ecology can be divided into three periods: in the initial period the destruction of forest fire was recognized with the study objective being focused on forest fire control; in the expansion period, efforts were made to the application of forest fire in the fire management and the third period was symbolized as the founding of the entire discipline. With the application of the advanced technology and mathematical models, forest fire ecology provides successful examples in carrying out long-term prediction on the forest community dynamics after fire intrusion. Planned burning have been developed as effective means of forest fire management, whereas ecological fire mitigation is considered as a new concept in forest fire management.
Emergency capability assessment is a complex system with multiple factors, variables and levels. Based on this, a method combining D-number theory and fuzzy analytic Hierarchy process (FAHP) is proposed to study the emergency capacity of coal enterprises in Longdong area. Based on the limitation of D-S evidence theory, the D-number theory was optimized and improved. According to the principles of systematicness, feasibility, scientificity and timeliness, a hierarchical structure model of enterprise emergency capability assessment was constructed from the perspective of pre-incident, mid-incident and post-incident, which consisted indicators of 4 first-level and 18 second-level. Combined with the assessment results of experts, a quantitative analysis and evaluation of the emergency response capacity of a coal enterprise was conducted by using FAHP. The comprehensive score of the enterprise was 80.45, and the level of emergency response capacity was "good". The D-FAHP method has high reliability in evaluating the emergency response capability of coal enterprises, avoiding the impact of uncertain and incomplete information on the assessment results. This can effectively identify the weak links in emergency management and meet the needs of enterprises in emergency decision-making, which has important guiding significance for improving the ability and level of enterprises in emergency management.
Emergency capability assessment is a complex system with multiple factors, variables and levels. Incomplete and uncertain assess information often occurs during assessment. Based on this, a method combining D-number theory and fuzzy analytic Hierarchy process (FAHP) is proposed to study the emergency capacity of coal enterprises in Longdong area. On the basis of analyzing the limitation of D-S evidence theory, the D-number theory was optimized and improved. According to the principles of systematicness, feasibility, scientificity and timeliness, a hierarchical structure model of enterprise emergency capability assessment was constructed from the perspective of pre-incident, mid-incident and post-incident, which consisted of 4 first-level indicators and 18 s-level indicators. The weight and importance of the assessment index of emergency response capability are calculated by organically integrating the D-number preference relation with the hierarchy structure. Combined with the assessment results of experts, a quantitative analysis and evaluation of the emergency response capacity of a coal enterprise was conducted by using FAHP. The comprehensive score of the enterprise's emergency response capability was 80.45, and the level of emergency response capacity was "good". The research results show that the D-FAHP method has high reliability in evaluating the emergency response capability of coal enterprises, avoiding the impact of uncertain and incomplete information on the assessment results. This can not only effectively identify the weak links in emergency management, but also meet the emergency decision-making needs of enterprises in the emergency state, which has important guiding significance to improve the ability and level of enterprise emergency management.
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