Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases and is commonly associated with comorbidities. However, data regarding TB and comorbidities are lacking from northeast India. The aim of the study is to see the clinical spectrum of TB and the frequency of comorbidities. Methods This was a prospective observational study of all hospitalized TB patients between January 2016 and June 2017 who were selected by consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 17.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Of the 173 patients selected, the mean age was 41.05±17.04 years with a male:female ratio of 4.27:1. Pulmonary TB (PTB) was found in 43.94%, extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) in 52.02%, and disseminated TB in 4.04%. Fever (61.27%) was the most common presentation, followed by cough (54.33%) and breathlessness (32.94%). Of the 76 patients with PTB and seven with disseminated TB, making a total of 83 patients, 56 (67.4%) were sputum positive. Out of 90 patients suffering from EPTB, pleural effusion (53.33%) was the commonest type of EPTB, followed by central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (26.66%) and abdominal tuberculosis (8.88%). Comorbidities were present in 53.17% of the patients, of which diabetes mellitus (DM) (26.58%) and hypertension (17.34%) were the most common. Comorbid conditions were significantly higher in PTB than EPTB (51 of 83 vs. 41 of 90, p<0.05). Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly higher in PTB as compared to EPTB (8.74±2.04 vs. 7.58±0.29, p<0.05). Conclusion Comorbidities, particularly DM, were present in half of the patients, mostly in PTB than EPTB, with glycemic control being significantly poorer in PTB patients.
Diabetes Mellitus is a common health problem across the globe. It is a lifestyle disease leading to Chronic Non Communicable Disease. India's prevalence to suffer from diabetes is next to China. Gradually diabetes can give impairment in the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. It is the considerable cause leading to premature mortality. Diabetes gives a large health burden across the globe. This research article explores diabetes mellitus in terms of current status of Diabetes Mellitus in North East India, strategies for prevention and management interventions of Diabetes Mellitus. Mean Lipid profile, FBS and anthropometric parameters of selected pre-diabetic subjects were also tested for significance at 5 % level. Pre and post data were collected for both experimental and control group. The result showed that Body mass index and waist hip ratio were statistically significant at 5 % level of significance. Biochemical parameters were also found to be significant at 5 % level of significance.
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