Background: Cervical cancer is a worldwide public health concern, and approximately 85% of deaths occurs in developing countries. Thus study is designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study. In this research, we used a multi-stage sampling procedure to select 520 participants. Information on socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude, and cervical cancer screening related questionnaires were collected using face-to-face interviews. Data were entered and cleaned in Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. For the analysis, we used logistic regression along with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The statistical significance was determined by p <0.05.Results: Approximately 154 (43.1%) of women had good knowledge, 235 (45.5%) had a favorable attitude, and nearly a quarter (118; 22.9%) had been screened for cervical cancer. Women 30-34 years [AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.11, 8.24), women with degree/diploma level of education [AOR=7.3, 95% CI 2.53-21.01), and having sourced information from a health professional [AOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.27-4.17) were associated with good knowledge of cervical cancer screening. Being single [AOR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.03-11.75] and good knowledge of cervical cancer [AOR=4.76, 95%:2.65-8.57) were significant predictors of a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Women who knew cervical cancer patients [AOR=2.47, 95% (1.37-4.44)] and high monthly income [AOR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.86-7.77] were associated with good practice related to cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening were shallow. The concerned body should aggressively disseminate information on cervical cancer screening, improve the economic status of women, and provide counseling about cervical cancer during health care delivery visits.

Background Primary family caregivers of hemodialysis patients are the “hidden patients” who shoulder extraordinary care burdens. However, there is a dearth of studies in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of primary family caregivers of hemodialysis patients in Southern Ethiopia. Methods Qualitative phenomenological study design was employed in February 2021. A homogeneous purposive sampling technique was applied to select study participants. An in-depth interview using an interview guide and field notes were used to collect the required data. All interviews were recorded using a digital audio recorder. Data coding was assisted by Open code software version 4.03. Inductive thematic analysis was used to develop the emerged themes and sub-themes using Colaizzi’s 1978 seven-step phenomenological analysis method. The themes and sub-themes are described in detail in the respective heading and sub-headings. Results A total of twelve participants were involved in the present study. Bio-psychological experience, socio-economic impact, and healthcare provider-primary family caregiver relationships are the major themes that emerged from the data. The emotional responses, coping mechanisms, consequences on the family caregivers’ health, care fatigue, lifestyle change, economic burden, impact on social responsibility, social support, the role of the primary family caregiver, and trust and confidence in the service providers are the sub-themes defining primary family caregivers caring experience. Conclusion In this study, emotional instabilities and reactions, care fatigue, distortion of caregiver’s health, multiple economic and social damages are the major challenges faced by primary family caregivers.

ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; B + , using a single tablet fixed dose combination of tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz; CART, combined antiretroviral treatment; CARV, combined antiretroviral therapy; CD4, cluster of differentiations 4; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; HCT, HIV counselling and testing; HIV, human immune deficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; PLWHIV, people living with HIV; PMTCT, prevention of mother to child transmission; SD, standard deviation; SPSS, statistical package for social sciences; WHO, World health organization Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partner is an important prevention goal emphasized by the WHO and centers for disease control and prevention in their protocols for HIV testing and counseling. Besides it offers a number of important benefits to the infected individual and the general public. 2-5 Some of potential benefits for the individual and public including increased opportunities for social support, improved access to necessary medical care (antiretroviral treatment), increased opportunities to discuss and implement HIV risk reduction with partners, and increased opportunities to plan for the future, motivating sexual partners to be tested, change bad behaviours, reduce vertical and sexual transmission risk. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Consequently, Women who disclose their HIV sero-status to their sexual partners may be more likely to participate in programmes for prevention of HIV transmission to their sexual partners as well as to their infants. 13 in addition, it enables couples to make informed reproductive health choices that may ultimately lower the number of unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women and help them take ARV drugs properly and give it to the new born as recommended by physicians. 14 Despite, all the mentioned benefits, HIV infected women may face a lot of potential risks following disclosure: including loss of economic support, blame, abandonment, physical and emotional abuse, discrimination and disruption of family relationships. 14,15 Fear of the above these risks identified as barriers to disclose their serostatus for immediate partners 16,17 that in turn lead to lost opportunities