Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the dominant acrylic that is widely used to produce partial and complete dentures. Denture fractures are caused by fatigue owing to repetitive masticatory, flexural and impact loads produced by dropping. The mechanical properties of dentures have been developed by reinforcing with various agents like rubbers, fillers and fibers. Progressively, novel dental materials reinforcement tactics have been developed following the advancement in Nano dentistry. Nonetheless, the issue pertaining to the superior mechanical properties of the PMMA still exists albeit it's biocompatible and aesthetic properties. In recent years, the nanostructure materials have received much attention due to their high surface area to volume ratio that boosts interaction and delivers new biological, physical, and chemical characteristics. Many studies have evaluated the usage of nanotubes and nanofiber in dental composites, however, the data estimating the reinforcement issue of nanotubes and nanofibers in PMMA have been scarce. This article is aimed to review the progress related to the development of mechanical properties of denture base materials in addition to the latest advances and prospective developments for PMMA acrylic resins reinforcement. Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA composites, strengthening of dentures, Nano-fillers surface treatment, biomedical Nano additives for mechanical improvement, Nano-fillers of PMMA, biomedical ceramic Nano-fillers, biomedical metallic materials as Nanofillers, hybrid reinforcement of PMMA, biocompatibility of polymeric PMMA composite, biomaterial for dental applications.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) as a titanate coupling agent (TCA) on surface modification of TiO2 nanotube (TNT) material. From the physical and chemical studies that have been performed on the modified TiO2 nanotube, scanning electron microscope micrographs, energy-dispersive X-ray and viscosity indicated that there was significant reduction in particle aggregation of the modified TiO2 Nanotube. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the functional group of the TCA reacted with the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of TiO2 nanotube resulting in an altered surface property from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic. X-ray diffraction indicated that crystalline structure did not change upon the modification with the coupling agent. Isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) is found to be superior in performance and has a significant effect on the dispersion and resolving of agglomeration. This paper presents the effect of surface modification with the TCA of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) type on the TiO2 nanotube material.
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