The foam that occurs in the process can cause problems with the effectiveness of the process or the quality of the final product. The economic consequences of uncontrolled foaming can be very significant and cause serious losses and require expensive operating changes. Foaming problems can be just as expensive as treating other types of problems, such as corrosion, fouling, or emulsion. Indonesia is known as the largest producer of palm oil, so it has the potential as a producer of downstream palm oil derivative products, especially halal anti-foam with renewable raw materials. In the food industry, only calcium alginate, monoglycerides (MGS), and diglycerides (DGS) are permitted. The use of renewable raw materials in industrial processes is one of the steps to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals, especially the second goal, which is zero hunger in 2030. The details of the mechanism of action and the use of anti-foam in the food, medicine, cosmetics, textile, oil refining, petrochemical, paint, and pulp paper industries were discussed. Furthermore, the potential use of palm oil as raw material for halal anti-foaming is very prospective, considering that there are not many palm oil-based anti-foam products applied in various food industries.
Growth of Superior Teak Plant Nusantara With Agroforestry Pattern at Five Years OldSuperior Teak Nusantara (JUN) is a product of Teak seedlings produced by Setyamitra Co vegetatively from “Perum Perhutani teak plus stands” and by inducing the root in order to raises the compound root. JUN has been planted in the Cogreg experimental garden, using the pattern of intercropping with annual crops and seasonal crops and currently JUN is 5 years old. This study was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping on the growth pattern of height, diameter and volume of JUN at 5 years old and looking for patterns of relationship between the volume and a diameter of JUN. Data were analyzed by linear regression and General Linear Model – Multivariate. Samples determined JUN tree with random start systematic sampling with a sampling intensity of 10%. In the two plots of the intercropping management and one plot without intercropping met in which to be done observation of the branch height, total height and diameter at breast height of JUN. The results showed that intercropping patterns greatly affect the growth of Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN) of five years old (height, diameter and volume as well as the average annual increment of height, diameter and average annual increment of volume). Superate Teak Nusantara (JUN) Growth of average annual increment without in intercropping pattern of management (control) was greatest than both management, for diameter of 3.17 cm/year, for high was 2.66 m/year and the average annual increment for volume was 0,039 m3/year. Occured very close relationship between volume and diameter wath equation of Y = 1.063 x 10-4 X 2,343. The results of the multivariate analysis, treatment variables (independent variables) affect the variable diameter, height and volume (dependent variable) Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN). The results of the analysis of the estimation of the diameter of the pattern of annual crop management has a diameter of 0.235 cm lower than the one with crop management patterns crop in turn.Keywords : New Teak Seeds, Crop Intercropping, Teak Superior Archipelago (JUN) ABSTRAK Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) adalah suatu produk semai Jati yang diproduksi oleh PT. Setyamitra secara vegetatif dari tegakan jati plus Perum Perhutani dan dengan menginduksi akarnya sehingga memunculkan akar tunggang majemuk. JUN telah ditanam di kebun percobaan Cogreg, dengan menggunakan pola tumpangsari dengan tanaman pertanian tahunan serta tanaman semusim dan saat ini JUN telah berumur 5 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola tumpangsari terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter dan volume JUN umur 5 tahun, serta mencari pola hubungan antara volume dengan diameter JUN. Penelitian dianalisis dengan regresi linier dan General Linear Model-Multivariate. Sampel pohon JUN ditentukan secara systematic sampling with random start dengan intensitas sampling 10 %. Dalam dua petak pengelolaan pola tumpangsari dan satu petak tanpa tumpangsari yang di dalamnya dilakukan pengamatan terhadap tinggi bebas cabang dan tinggi total serta diameter setinggi dada JUN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola tumpangsari sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) umur lima tahun (tinggi, diameter dan volume serta riap rata–rata tahunan untuk tinggi, diameter dan riap rata – rata tahunan volume). Pertumbuhan Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) riap rata – rata tahunan pada pola pengelolaan tanpa tumpangsari (kontrol) mempunyai riap rata–rata tahunan paling besar dibanding kedua pengelolaan, untuk diameter sebesar 3,17cm/tahun, untuk tinggi sebesar 2,66 m/tahun dan riap rata – rata tahunan untuk volume sebesar 0,039 m3/tahun. Terjadi hubungan yang sangat erat antara volume dan diameter dengan persamaan Y = 1,063 x 10-4 X2,343. Hasil analisisi dengan multivariat, variabel perlakuan (variabel independen) berpengaruh terhadap variabel diameter tinggi dan volume (variabel dependen) Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN). Hasil analisis estimasi terhadap diameter pada pola pengelolaan tanaman tahunan mempunyai diameter lebih rendah 0,235 cm dibandingkan dengan pola pengelolaan tanaman giliran.Kata Kunci : Bibit Jati Baru, Tanaman Tumpangsari, Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN)
This study aims to calculate the amount of carbon lost and the amount of oxygen that can no longer be produced by the Cogreg Experimental Garden (KPC) due to the harvesting of Nusantara Unggul Teak wood (JUN). Carbon stock loss was measured using the allometric equation method based on the SNI 7724:2011. Calculating the loss of oxygen-producing potential used the comparison method of the atomic weights of carbon and oxygen. The results of this study indicate that the harvesting of JUN at KPC causes a loss of potential carbon storage reserves of 215.384 tons/year or equivalent to IDR7.2 bilions; the loss of oxygen-producing potential is 574,359 tons/year or equivalent to IDR2.66 billions. Meanwhile, the results of harvesting JUN wood can only produce a financial value of IDR1,36 billions. Therefore, the financial value of the KPC's environmental services in the form of carbon storage and oxygen production is much greater than the financial value of harvesting JUN's wood. Keywords: carbon loss, Cogreg Experimental Garden, Jati Unggul Nusantara, oxygen loss
The Situgunung area has direct usability value as recreation place and natural tourism. This study aims to determine the perception of visitors and the economic value usability on the natural tourism of Situgunung. This research method uses descriptive methods as well as traveling expenses or the Travel Cost Method (TCM). Testing the perception of visitors using validity and reliability tests were analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale and the economic value use was analyzed using the concept of travel cost (TCM). This result of the study indicates the index of visitors’ perceptions of Situgunung Nature Tourism from the beauty is 89,25% very beautiful, the security aspect is 83,5 % very safe, the hygiene aspect is 77,5% very clean, the accessibility aspect is 77,75% very easy, the facility aspect is 74,25% complete. And the economic value of the use of Situgunung Nature Tourism is Rp.49.197.122.816/year, with the average traveling expenses calculated based on the zone or distance from the area from which the visitor came to the tourist location. With the high perception of visitors and the value of economic use of Situgunung Nature Tourism objects, a more professional management is needed without reducing the concept of natural sustainability.
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