Genetic evidence for anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa before 75 thousand years ago (ka) and in island southeast Asia (ISEA) before 60 ka (93-61 ka) predates accepted archaeological records of occupation in the region. Claims that AMH arrived in ISEA before 60 ka (ref. 4) have been supported only by equivocal or non-skeletal evidence. AMH evidence from this period is rare and lacks robust chronologies owing to a lack of direct dating applications, poor preservation and/or excavation strategies and questionable taxonomic identifications. Lida Ajer is a Sumatran Pleistocene cave with a rich rainforest fauna associated with fossil human teeth. The importance of the site is unclear owing to unsupported taxonomic identification of these fossils and uncertainties regarding the age of the deposit, therefore it is rarely considered in models of human dispersal. Here we reinvestigate Lida Ajer to identify the teeth confidently and establish a robust chronology using an integrated dating approach. Using enamel-dentine junction morphology, enamel thickness and comparative morphology, we show that the teeth are unequivocally AMH. Luminescence and uranium-series techniques applied to bone-bearing sediments and speleothems, and coupled uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating of mammalian teeth, place modern humans in Sumatra between 73 and 63 ka. This age is consistent with biostratigraphic estimations, palaeoclimate and sea-level reconstructions, and genetic evidence for a pre-60 ka arrival of AMH into ISEA. Lida Ajer represents, to our knowledge, the earliest evidence of rainforest occupation by AMH, and underscores the importance of reassessing the timing and environmental context of the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa.
Cultural heritages are things from the past, which are valued by communities in recent time as part of their nation's culture. In reality, among the community members there are problems that arise as a result of diverse perceptions, due to the fact that each perception is based on own interests as is the case with the Site of Sangiran. On the one hand, the Government, as part of the present community, has an idealistic orientation towards the Site of Sangiran as a cultural heritage which unquestionably needs to be protected for the purpose of scientific knowledge and national identity. The local people around Sangiran Site, on the other hand, consider it as their ancestors' area which possesses valuable contents and advantages to improve their economic condition. This conflict and the consequences (fossil protection on the one hand and fossil trade on the other) have so far not been resolved. Dimensi kultural yang mengkaji secara ilmiah masalah interaksi antara warisan budaya dan masyarakat, dan sebaliknya interaksi antara masyarakat dan warisan budaya, masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Minimnya jumlah artikel yang mempresentasikan permasalahan tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan munculnya pandangan bahwa arkeologi merupakan ilmu yang eksklusif dan nyaris tidak tersentuh oleh masyarakat. Pada akhirnya dampak serius kurangnya publikasi tentang warisan budaya menyebabkan pula minimnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap arti penting warisan budaya.Kecenderungan warisan budaya yang seringkali dikatakan sebagai media yang memiliki fungsi dalam menjaga proses pertumbuhan kebudayaan
AbstrakKonsep dasar penelitian ini berangkat dari pandangan, bahwa warisan budaya pada hakekatnya adalah milik masyarakat, sehingga dalam pengelolaannya diperlukan kebijakan publik.Berangkat dari konsep di atas permasalahan penelitian ini adalah, bagaimanakah pengelolaan warisan budaya sebagai barang publik? Tujuan penelitian ini terfokus pada pengelolaan barang publik ditinjau dari aspek kebijakan publik yang berasal dari berbagai literatur ilmiah didukung pengalaman pribadi penulis selama berinteraksi dengan mastarakat. Kajian ini bersumber dari sintesa berbagai hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, dalam berbagai tema dan topik penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplanatitif kualitatatif dengan pendekatan hubungan masyarakat (public relation model), yang menekankan pada upaya perbaikan image arkeologi di mata masyarakat. Barang publik untuk rakyat yang semestinya dapat dinikmati secara gratis oleh masyarakat, hanya berupa teori. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan, bahwa pengelolaan warisan budaya sebagai barang publik tidak bisa sepenuhnya dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat secara gratis. Barang publik dapat dinikmati secara gratis hanya berupa teori.Kata kunci: kebijakan, publik, pengelolaan, warisan,budaya. Abstract. The basic concept of this research departs from the view that a cultural heritage is essentially a property of a community, so that it requires public policy to manage cultural heritages. Based on such perspective, the research problem of this investigation concerned with the management of cultural heritage as public properties. The objective of this research is focused on the aspects of public policy of public properties management which was primarily derived from the study of scientific literatures and empirical evidence. This research used qualitative and explanative method and public relation model that emphasised on the effort to improve people’s perspective on the image of archaeology. Until today, the hypothesis that cultural heritages are public properties which could be enjoyed unconditionally by the public remains a theory. The research results proved that the hypothesis was correct.Keywords: policy, public, management, culture heritage
Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mendiskripsikan (1) Implementasi manajemen pembelajaran berbasis afeksi pada penumbuhan budi pekerti yang diselenggarakan di SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta meliputi planning, organizing, actuating dan controling, (2). Hasil pelaksanaan pendidikan afeksi pada penumbuhan budi pekerti di SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta, (3). Faktor kendala dan solusi pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis afeksi di SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Rumber utama penelitian adalah Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah Bidang Kurikulum, Wakil Kepala Sekolah Bidang Humas. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber data dan trianggulasi pengumpulan data. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan (1). Keunggulan sekolah menjadi jati diri dan kepribadian SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta. 2). Peningkatan kualitas kedisiplinan beribadah, pembentukan karakter, kedisiplinan pelaksanaan tata tertib, dan lain-lain. (3). Faktor kendala, adanya kewaspadaan sekolah untuk menangkal pengaruh yang kurang baik. Solusi, adanya pemahaman terhadap keunggulan sekolah berbasis afeksi.Keyword : manajemen, pendidikan, afeksi, budi pekerti
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