The core of self-assessment (CSA) and critical thinking (CT) empower learners to observe and evaluate themselves. Although the literature on CSA and CT reflects a long history, little is known about their contributions to the learners’ academic engagement (AE) and self-esteem (SE), particularly in the EFL context. Therefore, the present investigation intended to explore a structural model of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students’ CSA, CT, and SE. Accordingly, the Core of Self-assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ), Watson–Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal-form A (WGCTA), The SInAPSi Academic Engagement Scale (SAES), and The Foreign Language Learning Self-esteem Scale (FLLSES), were administered to 427 Iranian EFL university learners. The results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that EFL university students with high levels of CSA were more engaged and could build up high SE. Moreover, the effective role of CT in boosting AE and SE was also confirmed. The implications of this study may unveil new prospects for implementing learning-oriented assessment in the classroom and CT practices in language learning instruction and assessment.
Transformasi memiliki arti perubahan bentuk dan secara lengkap merupakan perubahan fisik maupun nonfisik (bentuk, rupa, sifat, fungsi, dan lain-lain). Transformasi dimaksudkan baik perubahan yang masih menunjukkan benda asalnya maupun perubahan yang sudah tidak memperlihatkan kesamaan dengan benda asalnya. Arus globalisasi dan hegemoni yang terjadi pada perubahan musik Dol sebagai musikalitas ritual Tabot digunakan secara sengaja untuk hiburan, kreativitas seniman, pencitraan, pendidikan, dan pariwisata. Fenomena yang terjadi dalam waktu yang panjang dan bertahap-tahap, bersifat linier dan hierarkis, dari sakral ke sekuler atau profan (komodifikasi), dari idealisme tradisi ke idealisme industri dan pencitraan (ekonomi), dan dari tujuan ke pesanan (kreativitas). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis permasalahan yaitu teori hegemoni, teori budaya populer dan teori praktik sosial. Hasil penelitian pengaruh globalisasi dan hegemoni pada perubahan musik Dol dari sakral ke sekuler atau profan maupun sebaliknya yang terjadi dalam masyarakat Bengkulu menyebabkan perubahan (motivasi dan stimulasi) ini dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dan bisa menyatu dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Pengaruh globalisasi dan hegemoni pada perubahan musik Dol menjadikan kesenian ini sebagai industri budaya, materi kreatifitas seniman, pariwisata, pencitraan dan inovasi pada pendidikan. Musik Dol tumbuh menjadi kebudayaan seni pertunjukan baru yang menggeser keberadaan pesta rakyat ritual Tabot pada saat ini. Hal ini tampak jelas dalam perkembangan musik Dol semakin meluas secara kuantitas dan kreatifitas.Transformation signifies meaningful change in form and is a complete physical and nonphysical reconfiguration (form, likeness, nature, function, etc.). Transformation is representative of both intended change that is still indicative of the origins of an object and the changes that are not indicative of showing any similarity with the object in its original form. The dynamics of globalization and hegemony that have affected change in Dol music as Tabot ritual musicality is used deliberately for entertainment, artist's creativity, imaging, education, and tourism. Long-term and gradual phenomena are linear and hierarchical, from sacred to secular or profane (commodification), from idealism to industrial idealism and imaging (economy), and from purpose to order (creativity). The method used in this research is qualitative method. The theory used to analyze the problems of hegemony theory, popular culture theory and social practice theory. The result of the research of the influence of globalization and hegemony on the musical change of Dol from sacred to secular or profane and vice versa that happened in Bengkulu society caused change (motivation and stimulation) that is accepted by society and can be instrumental in united society life. The influence of globalization and hegemony on the change of Dol music makes this art take form as cultural industry, artistic creativity, tourism, imaging and innovation in education. So Dol music becomes an icon of Bengkulu Province and flourishes into a new performance art culture that shifts the existence of Tabot ritual folk feast. This is evident as the development of Dol music is widespread in quantity and creativity.
Originally, Dol music was used as means of religious musicality to spread Moslem religion in Bengkulu. As time goes by, through the process of acculturation and assimilation, Dol music becomes a sacred musicality to accompany the ritual procession of Tabot, Sipai tribe (Tabot family) in Bengkulu city. Globalization and the interference of power bring the change complexity of Dol musicality as Tabot ritual music in the socio-culture of Bengkulu society. The aim of this research is to understand and explain the occurrence of Dol music transformation and its implication to the socio-cultural system in Bengkulu society. The approach implemented is cultural studies with qualitative analysis technique. It is applied critical and popular culture theories to uncover the focus of the problem in this study. The result shows that Dol music undergoes musical transformation as Tabot ritual music into a secular and profane music, resulting in the expansion of function and form. Therefore, Dol music is legitimized into traditional music icon of Bengkulu, in a wider and freer scale, shifting the Tabot’s popularity and sacred rituals as the “Heritage of the World in The Trust” of Bengkulu’s folk art culture. This has implications for all socio-cultural joints of the people in Bengkulu city, triggering a qualitative change in socio-cultural evolution to the form of divergence. It means that Dol music was originally a sacred/ religious music tradition, developed following the increasingly complex transformation as a mass culture in Bengkulu.
Music is a sound that is gotten by people and fluctuates dependent on history, area, culture and individual preferences. The genuine meaning of music additionally shifts, including that (1) music is a sound/impression of something that is caught by the audience's detects, (2) music is a showstopper with all its primary and supporting components, and (3) music is all sounds. delivered deliberately by an individual or by a gathering of people introduced as music. From a portion of these definitions, music is all sounds created by people purposefully which are introduced as music. Different examinations have shown that improving music knowledge in grade school understudies should be possible differently, including (1) presenting music in the homeroom, (2) tuning in to music, (3) playing instruments in class. For each reason, the class is improved with music utilizing a wide range of methods. The utilization of music in the homeroom will help increment the fervor of elementary school understudies in learning and simultaneously can expand the adequacy of accomplishing objectives. No less significant is learning through music and additionally learning with music, and finding out about music can give numerous advantages to the physical and mental improvement of elementary school understudies.
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