Abstract

The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the commodification, authenticity, and sustainability of culinary legacy as an instance of intangible cultural legacy, as well as how to subsequently compete with excellence and sustainability in the midst of a modern, global era of business without the loss of authenticity value. Herein is revealed the application of true local culture amid commercialization and modernization, differentiating between the authenticity and that which is out-of-sorts with local identity. The controversy of contextualization, the discussion of what is necessary, and the commodification of traditional food, namely the traditional foods of Riau Malay, to respond to the demand of a global market, are areas of interest in this study, as well as how the traditional foods of Riau Malay may compete with excellence and sustainability in a global market while retaining its authenticity values. The methodology used in this research is qualitative phenomenological; the interviews were carried out from the informants who were cultural figures of Riau Malay, social figures, and business actors in the traditional Riau Malay food industry with resulting evidence that confirms the necessity of heritage value of traditional Riau Malay foods, commodification in the area of globalization, without necessitating any loss of authenticity elements. The cultural heritage of traditional Riau Malay foods is introduced in two different types, cake pastry and main course savory dishes, and divided into two categories, everyday cuisine and cuisine for ceremonies or rituals. Riau Malay natives have customs and culture involved in the preparation and processing; presentation and consumption of the food may also be seen in the efforts in preparing such a traditional menu. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the literature and research interest in food culture.

This study aims to analyze city branding in tourist areas, with the variables being studied city brand attractiveness, tourism experience, city brand attitude, and city brand equity in tourism areas in Indonesia. This research method uses a quantitative approach with online surveys design, namely by taking a sample from a population and using a questionnaire to collect data. The main thing is that there is a hypothesis that will be tested for truth in this study. The survey questionnaire used is the Ministry of Education and Culture survey form. The research sample was conducted on 181 visitors to Bandung Barat, Indonesia. Structural equation modelling in this study uses a partial least square (PLS) structure. The research findings show city brand attractiveness and tourism experience on city brand equity through city brand attitude. This study produces a new model, namely, city brand attitude as a moderating variable that plays an essential role in building city brand attractiveness and tourism experience, which have the tourists primary preference. The tourist of Bandung Barat to be used as an affirmation of the identity of a vital city branding compared to other cities.

Declining coral cover on tropical coral reefs often results in a concomitant increase in macroalgae. When proliferation of macroalgae persists outside regular seasonal growth, it can shift the ecosystem dominance away from corals into a permanently altered system. Such an altered system is unlikely to recover naturally, despite ample supply of coral larvae, as coral settlement and survival is reduced by the presence of macroalgae. Physical removal of macroalgae has been proposed to overcome this biotic barrier to recovery, although empirical evidence demonstrating the effects of removal on phase-shifted reefs is lacking. Here, we manually removed macroalgae from twelve 25 m 2 experimental plots (88.5 AE 6.2 kg wet weight per plot; 90% benthic cover decrease) on a degraded reef prior to coral mass spawning across 2 years and recorded the number of coral recruits to settlement tiles and natural substrata. Four months after each spawning event, we found a threefold increase in coral recruits to tiles in plots where macroalgae had been removed (n = 12 plots; February 2019: mean 45.9 AE 12.7 recruits per tile; February 2020: mean 53.9 AE 5.9 recruits per tile) compared to control plots where macroalgae remained (n = 12 plots; February 2019 mean: 13.6 AE 2.8 recruits per tile; February 2020 mean: 17.5 AE 3.5 recruits per tile). These results suggest that, at small scales, macroalgae removal may be a useful intervention to boost recruitment on degraded reefs. Longer-term monitoring is needed to document if coral survivorship, growth, and subsequent reef recovery occurs.

The genus Waminoa currently contains two described species, which contain two types of endosymbiotic algae. Waminoa individuals are basically brown in body color, derived from these symbionts, and their body shape has been described as "discoid to obcordate". They have been found as associates of various anthozoans (Cnidaria) in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea. In order to reveal the diversity of the genus Waminoa and their hosts, we conducted phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Waminoa specimens collected from Japan, Palau and Indonesia. At least 18 Waminoa morphotypes were found on at least 20 anthozoan host species, and two specimens were found on species of two sea stars. Overall, there were two main body shapes of specimens; obcordate -as seen in W. litus and W. brickneri, and the other molar-like with an elongated body. These two body shapes each represented a separate clade in 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) phylogenetic trees, with W. brickneri included in the obcordate subclade. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analyses on COI sequences of our specimens revealed the presence of at least five operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These five OTUs consisted of one large group of all obcordate animals, three singletons within the molar-like clade, and one large group of the other molar-like individuals. Both clades contain numerous morphotypes and were associated with a variety of hosts. Finally, based on genetic distances, the molar-like specimens are considered as an unnamed genus-group separate from Waminoa, which needs to be clarified in future studies that will include histology and additional molecular data.

This research is performed on order to analyze the influence of Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Expense to Operating Income Ratio (OEOI) as independent variable toward Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as dependent variable. Sample for this research is all of BUKU 4 banks and seven banks on BUKU 3 banks  in Indonesia in 2006-2015 period. Data analysis with multi liniear regression. The result of  this research shows that all of independent variables have significant influence on ROA and ROE simultaneously.  NIM has partially significant effect on profitability both in BUKU 3 and BUKU 4 banks but other variables have various effect on profitability. The amount of the contribution or influence independent variables to ROA are 64,7%  in BUKU 3 banks and 90,4% on BUKU 4 banks. Meanwhile contribution of independent variables to ROE are 55,4% in BUKU 3 banks and 74,1% in BUKU 4 banks.

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The rapid development of technology forces us to learn and adapt, especially in the field of information technology. Information technology makes information spread very fast and accurate. This makes information technology a very important role in the company's growth for various sector, especially financial information. On the other side, manual work that related to numbers have very big risk of miscalculations from the employees (human error) and takes a relatively longer time. With the development of the Financial Management Web Based Information System, it is expected to help companies manage their financial reports and make decisions based on financial data.