This paper describes the measurement of wideband radio channel sounding techniques for indoor radio propagation. The system consists of multiple frequency band- switching scheme, which is able to extend the overall sounding bandwidth without changing operation bandwidth of the hardware. It is used for low mobility and high data rate communications. The system of the channel sounding is developed on a universal software radio peripheral (USRP) that employs an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal at 2.1902.290 GHz. In each sounding cycling, ten sub band frequency (10 MHz bandwidth) are used to reach an equivalent measurement over a 100-MHz bandwidth, corresponding to 10 ns time delay resolution. The validation test was perform using Vector Network Analyser (VNA). It will be showed variation result of channel impulse response consist of radio channel accuration and resolution between VNA and USRP. At the end of the chapter the proposed system will be used for measuring indoor channel propagation using five scenarios line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS).
Microstrip antennas are currently popular because they have the advantage and meet the demand for small and lightweight antennas so that they are compatible and easy to integrate. This study aims to design an antenna microstrip rectangular 1x2 array, a rectangular patch microstrip antenna consisting of two elements. The antenna has a patch size of 19.5 mm x 26.5 mm array 1x2 with a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The antenna design is made in a simulation that works at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, and the substrate material is made of FR 4, which has a constant (ε r of) of 4.3, while patch materials are made of copper. Calculating the value of the initial antenna parameters will be optimized by sweeping the parameters to obtain the desired return loss, VSWR, gain, bandwidth, and directivity. The results of optimization of the rectangular microstrip antenna design 1x2 array work at a frequency of 3.5 GHz with a return loss -12.54 dB in the frequency range 3. 47 GHz up to 3.53 GHz, bandwidth 66.5 MHz, VSWR value of 1.6 and produce a gain of 5.5 dB.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) adalah sebuah teknologi surveillance menggunakan informasi posisi dari satelit yang dipancarkan (broadcast) secara terus-menerus. Salah satu permasalahan dalam perkembangan teknologi surveillance yaitu bagaimana mendeteksi atau memantau pesawat dengan teknologi peralatan yang murah, dimana diketahui peralatan surveillance yang ada di bandara Indonesia cenderung mahal harganya bahkan modul-modul peralatan tiap-tiap alat surveillance dijual khusus sesuai merk dan tipe tiap-tiap peralatan surveillance. Permasalahan yang juga dihadapi di bandara Indonesia yaitu terbatasnya peralatan surveillance yang ada di tiap-tiap bandara terutama peralatan ADS-B, dimana rata-rata di bandara cabang dan unit di Indonesia belum mempunyai peralatan ADS-B dan hanya menggunakan situs Flightradar24 sebagai sumber informasinya. Flightradar24 adalah layanan jasa berbasis internet yang menunjukan informasi penerbangan pesawat terbang yang meliputi Ident atau Squawk, Heading dan Track. Akan tetapi Flightradar24 memiliki beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya adalah jika pengguna ingin menampilkan informasi lebih banyak, pengguna diharuskan membayar secara berkala atau berlangganan, dan delay yang terjadi karena pemrosesan data dan dibutuhkannya internet untuk bisa menjalankannya. Oleh karena itu penulis membuat Analisa terutama daya yang diterima sebuah perangkat receiver ADS-B yang menggunakan RTL-SDR R820T2 untuk memproses sinyal yang dipancarkan transponder pesawat untuk mendapat informasi berupa 24 bit ICAO aircraft address, Nationality, Ident atau Squawk, Altitude, Latitude, Longitude, Speed, Heading dan Track sehingga dapat membantu user untuk mengamati sebuah target atau pesawat.
Radar Altimeter digunakan untuk mengukur jarak dari pesawat ke permukaan tanah atau permukaan laut yang bekerja pada frekuensi 4,2-4,3 GHz. Antena microstrip sebagai antena alternatif terdiri dari tambalan dan pesawat darat dengan Tembaga dan substrat menggunakan FR-4. Antena microstrip melingkar array 2x2 terdiri dari empat elemen antena melingkar tunggal yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik Wilkinson Power Divider. Optimalisasi array antena melingkar microstrip 2x2 pada 4,3 GHz sesuai dengan frekuensi operasi radar altimeter dengan kehilangan kembali -12,41 dB dalam rentang frekuensi 4,22 GHz hingga 4,36 GHz, bandwidth 144,1 MHz, VSWR 1,6, menghasilkan keuntungan 6.9 dB, serta menghasilkan pola radiasi lobus utama 7,34 dBi ke arah 20,0 deg dan beamwidth 26,3 deg. Hasil optimasi dibandingkan dengan antena microstrip melingkar tunggal, yang memiliki kehilangan pengembalian -16,19 dB dalam rentang frekuensi 4,27 GHz - 4,31 GHz, bandwidth antena ini adalah 48,4 MHz, VSWR 1,3, menciptakan keuntungan 4,3 dB, serta menghasilkan pola radiasi lobus utama 2,76 dBi ke arah 47,0 deg dan beamwidth 49,1 deg
This research aims to design an inexpensive primary surveillance radar (PSR) antenna with high efficiency and works on the L-Band frequency by using a microstrip antenna, this antenna has advantages in terms of ease of design, light weight and low production prices. The design of the antenna design is made in a simulation that works at a frequency of 1.3 GHz, the substrate material is made of Fr-4 which has a dielectric constant value (er) of 4.3, while the patch material is made of copper. The antenna has a patch size of 71 x 54 mm array 2x1, while the size of the ground plane is 222 x 124.8 mm. Antenna performance testing is done by looking at S-Parameter simulation and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). To get an accurate value at a frequency of 1.3 GHz, the sweep method is applied to the patch by changing the width and length of the patch. From the simulation results we get the S-Parameter value right at the frequency of 1.3 GHz with a return loss value of -35 dB while the value of VSWR of 1.29 indicates the antenna has a high efficiency. This research aims to create an antenna innovation that is based on inexpensive and has high efficiency.
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