The main goal of automobile researchers is to develop internal combustion engines that are fuel efficient and emit zero pollutants. It can be inferred from prior research publications that lean burn conditions can significantly reduce emissions while improving engine efficiency. The lean-burn engine combustion temperatures are lower hence harmful emissions like NO are reduced. Gasoline fuels have a narrow equivalence ratio window hence it was necessary to evaluate the other alternative fuels with a wider equivalence ratio for using it in IC engines for better performance and fewer emissions. This experiment is conducted on a single-cylinder digital three-spark ignited electronic fuel injected (DTSI-EFI) single-cylinder, 4 stroke high-speed SI engine fuelled by hydrogen. The excess air ratios are changed and MBT timing was also optimized. Hydrogen has delivered the lowest emissions under lean conditions. This data gives guidelines for developing SI engines with hydrogen port fuel injection for meeting future emissions norms. This experimental attempt is to protect the environment from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The highest Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) is recorded at the leaner condition (λ = 4) as 37.53%, the highest power output is 7.02 kW at λ=1.5. CO and THC emissions are absent in hydrogen fuel and NO emissions reduces towards lean combustion.
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The United Nations sustainable development goals can be met by reduced use of fossil fuels in the power & transportation sector and by protecting the environment. Various efforts to utilize alternative fuels (with low or without carbon contents) in the transportation sector are in the anvil. In this research, an experimental study is performed on a single cylinder gasoline engine of 200 cc with port fuel injection and digital three spark ignition (DTSI). The effect of spark plug location is analyzed using gasoline and hydrogen fuels separately. The combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics are analyzed at 6000 rpm, Wide Open Throttle (WOT) condition with a compression ratio of 11:1 for three different spark plug locations, i.e., at Center, Left-hand side and Right-hand side of combustion bowl. The following are the best results for a centrally located spark plug in comparison with the spark plug located at the sides. The volumetric efficiency is increased by 3.6% and 10% when tested with gasoline and hydrogen fuel; the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) obtained for hydrogen is 38.05%, and gasoline is36.8%. The maximum combustion pressure recorded is 62.5 bar and 54.9 bar for gasoline and hydrogen fuel. The effects of spark plug locations on engine power output, the heat lost to the coolant, the heat lost to exhaust gases, unaccounted heat, heat release rate (HRR), and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) are also studied. The net heat release rate (NHRR) is increased by 75 % with gasoline and 107 % with hydrogen. The mean gas temperature (MGT) recorded with gasoline is 2746 K, and 2232 K for hydrogen, this decrease in MGT for hydrogen is due to lean burn combustion at 1.6 equivalence ratio. The increase in NOx emission for gasoline and hydrogen fuel is 37.5 % and 58 % as the combustion is proper with increased NHRR, and MGT.</div></div>
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