No abstract

Awareness of the indications for removal of impacted lower third molars will help in management of such patients. A fear of dentistry appears to be responsible for patients reporting to the dental surgeon only when symptoms occur. Patients generally do not agree to prophylactic removal of lower third molars. Removal of only symptomatic lower third molars seems to be the logical choice in view of financial and manpower constraints in developing nations.

We examine the phase structure of pure Regge gravity in four dimensions and compare our Monte Carlo results with Z2-link Regge-theory as well as with another formulation of lattice gravity derived from group theoretical considerations. Within all three models we nd an extension of the well-de ned phase to negative gravitational coupling and a new phase transition. In contrast to the well-known transition at positive coupling there is evidence for a continuous phase transition which might be essential for a possible continuum limit.

Sialolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the salivary gland. The submandibular gland and its duct appear to be the most susceptible. However, giant sialoliths have rarely been reported in the literature. Two case reports of giant sialoliths in the submandibular duct alone are presented. In both patients, a transoral removal of the stone was done under local anesthesia. The stones were 35 mm and 25 mm long, respectively. Follow-up showed asymptomatic and normal functioning glands. The etiology, pathogenesis and management of such giant sialoliths are discussed.It is interesting to note that both patients remained relatively asymptomatic in spite of such long-standing sialoliths. The glands also recovered normal function quickly following removal of stones, which is interesting as such longstanding stones usually produce irrereversible functional damage to the gland. A conservative approach to the gland will spare the patient the morbidity associated with gland removal.

Pure SU(2) gauge theory is the simplest asymptotically free theory in four dimensions. To investigate Euclidean quantum gravity effects in a fundamental length scenario, we simulate 4d SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a dynamically coupled Regge skeleton. The fluctuations of the skeleton are governed by the standard Regge-Einstein action. From a small 2 · 4 3 lattice we report exploratory numerical results, limited to a region of strong gravity where the Planck mass and hadronic masses take similar orders of magnitude. We find a range of the Planck mass where stable bulk expectation values are obtained which vary smoothly with the gauge coupling, and a remnant of the QCD deconfining phase transition is located.