In SARS and influenza-type infections, the transmission of the viral particles from the infected individual to the susceptible individual involves the respiratory route. The current novel CoV2 transmission also involves a similar mechanism. The virus particles are present as droplets ranging from 5 to 10 μm in diameter and are expelled into ambient air when the infected individual coughs, sneezes, or even speaks. These tiny droplets move over a distance through the atmosphere, and the initial velocity determines the maximum distance the droplets reach. In this work, a computational fluid dynamic model was developed using Ansys Fluent software, incorporating the physical characteristics of the viral droplets and the ambient atmosphere. The movement of these particles was analyzed for three different initial velocities of 1, 5, and 10 m/s. Furthermore, the maximum distance traveled by the simulated particles for higher velocities was analyzed using a linear regression model. Results demonstrate that the simulated viral particles embedded in the droplets can travel a maximum distance of 1.24 m for an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Furthermore, an increase in the initial velocity to a value of 30 m/s results in the particle’s movement to a maximum distance of 2.595 m. The study results indicate that at least 2.5 meters distance has to be maintained for effective social distancing to prevent the further spread of the novel CoV2 transmission. Even after the lifting of the lockdown, institutional social distancing needs to be practiced to abate the transmission to a near-zero level and to prevent a rebound. In public places such as public transport and shopping malls, strict adherence to wearing masks must be made mandatory by social regulation.
The passive control of jets using vanes as vortex generators is studied by numerical simulation in this paper. The vanes are positioned inside the nozzle near the exit, inclined to the flow with the longitudinal direction of the jet. Two configurations namely, straight vanes (k = 0 mm−1) and curved vanes (k = 0.05 mm−1) are considered. Curvature k is defined as the reciprocal of the radius of the vanes. The blockage due to the presence of the vanes is 0.5%. The total pressure variation along the jet centreline and along the radial distance is determined from nozzle exit at a Mach number of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. It is found that the vanes cause faster decay of the jet, both in the near field and far field compared to the base nozzle (plain circular nozzle) and the curved vanes perform better than the straight vanes in promoting the jet mixing. A maximum of 54% reduction in jet potential core length is achieved by the curved vanes and the jet becomes asymmetrical due to the presence of the vanes inside the nozzle, as observed in the radial pressure decay plots and Mach number contours.
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