Evolview is an interactive tree visualization tool designed to help researchers in visualizing phylogenetic trees and in annotating these with additional information. It offers the user with a platform to upload trees in most common tree formats, such as Newick/Phylip, Nexus, Nhx and PhyloXML, and provides a range of visualization options, using fifteen types of custom annotation datasets. The new version of Evolview was designed to provide simple tree uploads, manipulation and viewing options with additional annotation types. The ‘dataset system’ used for visualizing tree information has evolved substantially from the previous version, and the user can draw on a wide range of additional example visualizations. Developments since the last public release include a complete redesign of the user interface, new annotation dataset types, additional tree visualization styles, full-text search of the documentation, and some backend updates. The project management aspect of Evolview was also updated, with a unified approach to tree and project management and sharing. Evolview is freely available at: https://www.evolgenius.info/evolview/.

Extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements (eMGEs), including phages and plasmids, that can move across different microbes, play important roles in genome evolution and shaping the structure of microbial communities. However, we still know very little about eMGEs, especially their abundances, distributions and putative functions in microbiomes. Thus, a comprehensive description of eMGEs is of great utility. Here we present mMGE, a comprehensive catalog of 517 251 non-redundant eMGEs, including 92 492 plasmids and 424 759 phages, derived from diverse body sites of 66 425 human metagenomic samples. About half the eMGEs could be further grouped into 70 074 clusters using relaxed criteria (referred as to eMGE clusters below). We provide extensive annotations of the identified eMGEs including sequence characteristics, taxonomy affiliation, gene contents and their prokaryotic hosts. We also calculate the prevalence, both within and across samples for each eMGE and eMGE cluster, enabling users to see putative associations of eMGEs with human phenotypes or their distribution preferences. All eMGE records can be browsed or queried in multiple ways, such as eMGE clusters, metagenomic samples and associated hosts. The mMGE is equipped with a user-friendly interface and a BLAST server, facilitating easy access/queries to all its contents easily. mMGE is freely available for academic use at: https://mgedb.comp-sysbio.org.

Background: In developing countries, primary health care facilities, such as adolescent health clinics, are frequently the first contact for an adolescent with a health professional for a myriad of health problems including mental health issues. Psychopathology is prevalent among adolescents, and causes significant educational, occupational and social impairment. The presence of psychopathology with impairment requires the development of treatment models to address both of these components. We studied the psychopathology and associated impairment in patients at an adolescent health clinic as an indicator for healthcare model reform.

Objective: This study validates the Tamil version of Impact of Event Scale among adolescents. Method: IES was translated into Tamil and 100 adolescents attending an adolescent clinic who had been exposed to diverse traumatic events completed the Impact of Event Scale along with the Child Behaviour Checklist. Appropriate analyses both at the item and scale levels were conducted. Results: In addition to adequate face and content validity, the scale has satisfactory internal consistency (a from 0.77 to 0.90), moderate convergent validity with CBCL-PTSD scale (r from 0.22 to 0.29), and high discriminant validity with PTSD-thought problem subscale (r50.01-0.10). Factor analysis replicated the two-factor structure, avoidance factor (five items) and intrusion factor (three items), explaining 68.4% of variance. A threshold IES score of 17 was associated with 93% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Conclusions: The Tamil IES for adolescents has satisfactory psychometric properties and should be useful in international studies as well as clinical care.

In India, adolescents with psychopathology attending a primary care clinic have significant life events and different coping styles. Therefore, adolescents with psychopathology in this setting should be screened for life events as well as dysfunctional coping styles and given appropriate intervention.