The moore cyclone and Tsunami w data from these moore power system attained system.Non-rechargeab because the buoy sys prone to damage. Late battery would power battery can take over. buoy system to cater th
Index Terms-Battery
A B S T R A C TThis paper details the evolution of reliable and cost-effective data buoy power systems used for environment monitoring applications in the Indian seas. A reliable power system is the key requirement for offshore moored buoys involved in meteorological and tsunami monitoring missions, as unavailability of the operating power results in loss of time-critical data and can have serious impact on societal protection and, in addition, results in costly repairs and reinstallations. As a significant development and driven by stringent IEC 61508 Safety Integrity Level (SIL) standards, a Generation III power system was able to meet the required SIL 4 reliability requirements compared to the Generation I system that complied only with SIL 1. It is found that by using a suggested four slot annual maintenance plan, an operating Generation III hybrid power system, and lead acid batteries powered by solar energy and backed by Lithium thionyl chloride batteries, in addition to meeting the required SIL 4 reliability levels, the energy cost of transmission is reduced to U.S. $1.7 per data set, compared to U.S. $2.7 in the Generation II systems. Ongoing efforts in increasing the green footprint in futuristic systems are detailed. The study provides confidence in the power system's reliable, cost-effective and eco-friendly support to India's Ocean Observation Network program.
This article describes the first Indian arctic multi-sensor mooring (IndARC) observatory in Kongsfjorden of Arctic waters. The Ministry of Earth Sciences evolved a unique moored observatory 'IndARC' with suite of sensors for physico-chemical and oceanographic in situ long-term data collection. The Arctic Ocean plays an important role in governing the earth's climate and also faithfully records its past climatic history and represents a significant gap in ocean observations. This indigenously designed and installed observatory IndARC, for the first time, collected various parameters from July 2014 to July 2015. The uniqueness of this system, the challenges faced and results from data collected are presented in this article.
Over the past two decades, the Indian Ocean moored surface buoy observation networks have expanded in the spatiotemporal domain and technologically matured with system reliability, availability, cost optimization, and precision measurement of meteorological and oceanographic
parameters as the key targets. Based on the return of experiences in the development, operation, and maintenance of the moored buoy observation networks over two decades, this paper for the first time summarizes the reliability metrics achieved by the National Institute of Ocean Technology
(NIOT)-operated moored buoy networks, the healthiness monitoring interval implemented to achieve the highest level of on-demand reliability, the methodologies adopted to ensure highest possible system availability, and data returns. The tsunami buoy network with two buoys and the meteorological
buoy with cyclone tracking sensors are found to have a mean time between failure of 1.27 years and 0.5 years, respectively. The identified performances provide a baseline for defining the technical improvement targets, identifying alternate technologies, incorporating redundancies, cost optimization,
and maintenance planning. The approach serves as a reference for reliability assessment and integrity management of similar moored buoy ocean observation networks and for evolving standards for oceanographic systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.