Functional surfaces and polymers with branched structures have a major impact on physicochemical properties and performance of membrane materials. With the aim of greener approach for enhancement of permeation, fouling resistance and detrimental heavy metal ion rejection capacity of polyetherimide membrane, novel grafting of poly (4-styrenesulfonate) brushes on low cost, natural bentonite was carried out via distillation-precipitation polymerisation method and employed as a performance modifier. It has been demonstrated that, modified bentonite clay exhibited significant improvement in the hydrophilicity, porosity, and water uptake capacity with 3 wt. % of additive dosage. SEM and AFM analysis showed the increase in macrovoides and surface roughness with increased additive concentration. Moreover, the inclusion of modified bentonite displayed an increase in permeation rate and high anti-irreversible fouling properties with reversible fouling ratio of 75.6%. The humic acid rejection study revealed that, PEM-3 membrane having rejection efficiency up to 87.6% and foulants can be easily removed by simple hydraulic cleaning. Further, nanocomposite membranes can be significantly employed for the removal of hazardous heavy metal ions with a rejection rate of 80% and its tentative mechanism was discussed. Conspicuously, bentonite clay-bearing poly (4-styrenesulfonate) brushes are having a synergistic effect on physicochemical properties of nanocomposite membrane to enhance the performance in real field applications.
Abstract. The pollution of water due to various toxic components especially heavy metals are causing an adverse effect on the flora and fauna and also have a potential effect on the human well-being. Due to this there is an immediate requirement to find various techniques for the removal of lethal toxins in wastewater. Amongst all of the existing methods, adsorption is one of the most effective and efficient technique for the elimination of contaminants such as heavy metals from wastewater. The increasing number of research publications on adsorption of heavy metals using modified bentonite leads to the fact that there has been a surging importance in the production of a variety of economical adsorbents for water treatment. Outcome from the latest advances in using bentonites and modified bentonite shows the adaptable nature of the clay and its environment friendly nature. The present review shows the removal of heavy metals using modified bentonite. The main purpose of this review is to describe the flexible way of natural bentonite and modified bentonite and its ability to absorb array of inorganic pollutants, which are present in the waste water. It is apparent from the review that modified bentonite have displayed high removal potential for certain kind of inorganic contaminants from wastewater.
Abstract. The pollution of water due to various toxic components especially heavy metals are causing an adverse effect on the flora and fauna and also have a potential effect on the human well-being. Due to this there is an immediate requirement to find various techniques for the removal of lethal toxins in wastewater. Amongst all of the existing methods, adsorption is one of the most effective and efficient technique for the elimination of contaminants such as heavy metals from wastewater. The increasing number of research publications on adsorption of heavy metals using modified bentonite leads to the fact that there has been a surging importance in the production of a variety of economical adsorbents for water treatment. Outcome from the latest advances in using bentonites and modified bentonite shows the adaptable nature of the clay and its environment friendly nature. The present review shows the removal of heavy metals using modified bentonite. The main purpose of this review is to describe the flexible way of natural bentonite and modified bentonite and its ability to absorb array of inorganic pollutants, which are present in the waste water. It is apparent from the review that modified bentonite have displayed high removal potential for certain kind of inorganic contaminants from wastewater.
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